dissection heart and great vessels Flashcards
mediastinum
space in the thoracic cavity between the pleural cavities
where do the vagus nerve orgiginate and type of nerve
medulla
mixed, parasympathetic
motor to pharynx,laryx and soft pale
sensory to muscosa of lari
where do the recurrent larngeal nerves come from and which is more diffuclt to find
vagus - split in thorax
right (shorter and loops around the subclavian artery)
what do the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply
muscles of the larynx
sensory to largyx below level of vocal cords/trachea
if the left recurrent largyeal nerve is longer what is clinical signigicance
increased potential to be affected, medial location e.g. lung cancer may compress nerve
where is the ligamentum arteriosum located
between the pulmonary trunk and aorta
what was before the ligamentum arteriosum
ductus arteriousus
shunted blood from the pulmonary trunk to aorta
what happens if the ductus arteriosus fails to close at birth
oxygenated blood can flow from left to right from aorta
shortness of breath and trachycardia
what come off the arch of aorta
bracheicephalic (right subclavian and right common carrot)
left common carotid
left subclavian
what do the subclavian arteries suppyl
arms, chest, back, head
what do the carotid arteries supply
internal - brain
external - neck oesophagus, pharynx laryxl lower jaw and face
surface landmarks of the heart
right/left borders
apex
superior border
right border right artrium, right ventricle (3rd coastal to 6th costal cartilage) left border left ventricle, left auricle (2nd space to apex) apex 5th left IC space, mic clavicular line superior border lies behind the sternal angle right side more superficial ventricles anterior to the atria
what does the left coronary archery branch into
anterior inter ventricular
circumflex
what are the branches of the right coronary artier
posterior inter ventricular
right marginal branch
where do the coronary arteries arise from
aorta immediatly above the aortic valve
what causes narrowing of the coronary arteries
atherosclethotic plaques
cholesterol, fatty deposits etc
what is narrowing of the coronary arteries called
ischemia
leads to shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, nausea
why is a symptom of ischemia pain down left arm
referred pain (angina)
how can narrowing of ratios be detected
coronary angiograms
what bypasses in a quadruple bypass
LAD (left descending artery from the coronal artery)
RCA (right coronary artery)
LCX (left circumflex artery)
and first diagonal artery of LAD
how can you counteract narrowing of coronary arteries
bypass
ballon held in metal space
what form the superior vena cava
right and left brachiocephalic vein
what used to be the fossa ovalis
foramen ovalae
between the two atria, allows blood to pass from right to left
where does Venus blood from the myocardium blood drain into
crononary sinus
found at base of AV groove
opens up into the right atrium
what is the SA node and AV node supplied by
SA- right coronary artery branch, sometimes a left branch
AV - right coronary artery
what can narrowing of coronary arteries be detected by
coronary angiograms
diseases that can occur to the structured dissected
myocardial infarcation - plaques in the coronary arteries
angina - plaqes in coronary arteries (lack of blood supply to heart)
aneuryms - weakness in walls of vessels, pressure on other structures
