Electric heart

Question 1

What is an electrocardiogram

Answer 1

detects electrical activity of the heart

Question 2

what events occur during a normal trace

Answer 2

P QRS ST T

Question 3

what is P-R

Answer 3

time of stimulus between atria and AV nodes

Question 4

what is R-R

Answer 4

heartbeat

Question 5

what is QRS complex

Answer 5

ventricular depolarisation

Question 6

what is the J point

Answer 6

end of depolarisation of ventricle

Question 7

wha is T wabe

Answer 7

ventricular repolrisation

Question 8

What may a U wave be created byq

Answer 8

electrical changes in capillary muscles

Question 9

what isQT interval

Answer 9

ventricular de and repolarisation

Question 10

Changes on ECG due to exercise

Answer 10

shorter R-R
shorter P-R
shorter Q-T interval
S-T angles upwards

Question 11

effects of exercise

Answer 11

muscle and respirator pump
increased Venus return, increase breathing, increased HR and SR
(shortening of diastole)

Question 12

What is atrioventricular heart block

Answer 12

delay/blockage of electrical signals from atria to entricles

Question 13

what do heart blocks leads to

Answer 13

bradycardia

Question 14

what are the degrees of bradycardia

Answer 14

1 2 3 
no symptoms 
2 - arrhythmia, heart skips a beat
3 - complete blockage 
ventricles can generate signals but pacemaker needed

Question 15

what are septal defects

Answer 15

holes in heart

Question 16

what is hypertension

Answer 16

high BP

Question 17

what is haemorrhage

Answer 17

blood loss from ruptured vessel

Question 18

list the commonly used drugs on the heart

Answer 18

ACE inhibitors
beta blockers
Ca channel blockers

Question 19

what do ACE inhibitors do

Answer 19

prevent conversion of ANG I to ANG II

lower BP

Question 20

what do beta blockers do

Answer 20

inhibits sympathetic NS and action of adrenaline

slows HR

Question 21

action of Ca channel blockers

Answer 21

lowers BP
effects on:
smooth muscle of blood vessels
CO
electrical conduction

Question 22

effect of posture on CV system

Answer 22

increased HR when prone

Question 23

what is it called when valves do not open fully

Answer 23

valve stenosis

Question 24

what can cause syncope

Answer 24

rheumatic fever

Question 25

what causes a stroke

Answer 25

blood supply to brain is interrupted

Question 26

what is weakening of the aortic wall called

Answer 26

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 27

what is infective endocarditis

Answer 27

infection of the inner heart surface

Question 28

what is there an associatio between

Answer 28

Oral disease and CVD