Electric heart Flashcards
What is an electrocardiogram
detects electrical activity of the heart
what events occur during a normal trace
P QRS ST T
what is P-R
time of stimulus between atria and AV nodes
what is R-R
heartbeat
what is QRS complex
ventricular depolarisation
what is the J point
end of depolarisation of ventricle
wha is T wabe
ventricular repolrisation
What may a U wave be created byq
electrical changes in capillary muscles
what isQT interval
ventricular de and repolarisation
Changes on ECG due to exercise
shorter R-R
shorter P-R
shorter Q-T interval
S-T angles upwards
effects of exercise
muscle and respirator pump
increased Venus return, increase breathing, increased HR and SR
(shortening of diastole)
What is atrioventricular heart block
delay/blockage of electrical signals from atria to entricles
what do heart blocks leads to
bradycardia
what are the degrees of bradycardia
1 2 3 no symptoms 2 - arrhythmia, heart skips a beat 3 - complete blockage ventricles can generate signals but pacemaker needed
what are septal defects
holes in heart
what is hypertension
high BP
what is haemorrhage
blood loss from ruptured vessel
list the commonly used drugs on the heart
ACE inhibitors
beta blockers
Ca channel blockers
what do ACE inhibitors do
prevent conversion of ANG I to ANG II
lower BP
what do beta blockers do
inhibits sympathetic NS and action of adrenaline
slows HR
action of Ca channel blockers
lowers BP effects on: smooth muscle of blood vessels CO electrical conduction
effect of posture on CV system
increased HR when prone
what is it called when valves do not open fully
valve stenosis
what can cause syncope
rheumatic fever
what causes a stroke
blood supply to brain is interrupted
what is weakening of the aortic wall called
abdominal aortic aneurysm
what is infective endocarditis
infection of the inner heart surface
what is there an associatio between
Oral disease and CVD
