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Human body DEN103 > eye special senses > Flashcards

eye special senses Flashcards

1
Q

function of the eyes

A

produce image of the world and transmit it to the visual cortex

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2
Q

parts of the eye

A 
cornea 
pupil 
iris
limbus
vitreous gel
lens
choroid
fovea
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3
Q

function of vitreous gel

A

maintain round eye shape

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4
Q

function of lens

A

focus light onto the back of the eye

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5
Q

function of choroid

A

vascular part

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6
Q

what is found in the foeva

A

cones

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7
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

sclera
choroid
retina

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8
Q

describe sclera

A

outer layer
tough coat of the eye
preserves shape of eyeball and protects contents

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9
Q

describe choroid

A

vascular later

supplies metabolic needs of retina

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10
Q

describe retina

A

contains photoreceptors

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11
Q

parts of the retina

A

optic nerve head
macula
foevea

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12
Q

optic nerve head

A

where optic nerve enters eye

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13
Q

macula

A

centre of retina

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14
Q

foeva

A

centre of macula

only cones as photoreceptors

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15
Q

rods

A

B and W
vision in dim light
found in periphery

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16
Q

pigment found in rods

A

rhodopsin

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17
Q

cones

A

foeva
colour
vision in bright light

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18
Q

describe the visual pathway

A 
retina
optic nerve
optic chiasms
optic tract 
lateral geniculate nucleus
optical radiations
visual cortex
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19
Q

what is normal vision desribed as

A

emmetropia

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20
Q

how is an image formed

A

ray of light through pupil and lens

image on back of retina

21
Q

vision disorders

A

hypermetropia
myopic
astigmatism
presobypia

22
Q

what is hypermetropia

A

long sited
image formed further back
insufficient refractive power

23
Q

myopic

A

short signed

24
Q

astigmatism

A

irregular cornea shape

25
Q

presbyopia

A

loss of elasticity of the lens

26
Q

what is accommodation

A

ability of the eye to increase its dioptric power to obtain a clear image of a near object
lens becomes more convex

27
Q

eye movements

A 
smooth pursuit
saccades
optokinetic nystagmus
vestibular ocular reflecx
convergence
28
Q

smooth purusit

A

slow moment of eyes flowing an object

29
Q

saccades

A

fast eye movements fixating from each objects

30
Q

optokinetic nystagmus

A

eye movement elected by the tracking of a moving feild

31
Q

vestibular ocular reflex

A

activation of the vestibular system of the inner ear causes eye movement

32
Q

types of ocular misalignment/strabismus

A

esotropia
exotropia
hypertropia
hypotropia

33
Q

what is esotropia

A

eye drifts to midline

34
Q

exotropia

A

eye drifts laterally

35
Q

hypertropia

A

eye drifts upwards

36
Q

hypotropia

A

eye drifts downwards

37
Q

what can strabismus lead to

A

diplopia

38
Q

what nerves supply the extra ocular muscles

A

oculomotor
trochlear
abducens

39
Q

name the 6 extra ocular muscles

A

superior/inferior oblique

superior/inferior/lateral/medial rectus

40
Q

which muscles elevate the eye

A

superior rectus

inferior oblique

41
Q

which muscles depress the eye

A

inferior rectus

superior oblique

42
Q

which moves the eye medially

A

medal rectus

43
Q

what moves the eye laterally

A

lateral rectus

44
Q

what is the equation to remember the innervation

A

3(LR6SO4)

45
Q

examples of cranial nerve palsies

A

oculomotor III palsy

trochlear IV palsy

46
Q

what can a blow out fracture have an impact on dentally

A

infraorbital nerve

unable to feel teeth

47
Q

craniosynostosis

A

premature fusion of 1 or more sutures of the skull

48
Q

clefting syndromes

A

dental defects

facial asymmetry

Human body DEN103 (48 decks)

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