glycolysis Flashcards
where does glycolysis take place
cytoplasm
how many pyruvate are formed under normal conditions
2
pathway of glycolysis
glucose glucose 6 phosphate fructose 6 phosphate fructose 1 6 bisphosphate glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate 3 phosphoglycerate 2 phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate
how many NADH produced in glycolysis
2
what enzyme is a key regulator in glycolysis
phosphofructokinase I
what is PFK 1 allosterically inhibited by
ATP
H+
citrate
what is PFK 1 activated by
AMP
Fructose 2-6 bisphosphate
explain the mechanism between PFK1 and PFK 2
compete for same molecule
high levels of fructose 6 phosphate PFK 1 unable to process quickly enough
PFK2 used to remove build up of fructose 6 phosphate
production of fructose 2 6 bisphosphate speeds up PFK 1
what happens in aerobic conditions in animals and then plants
converted to lactic acid
converted to ethanol
aerobic repsitation animals
pyruvate to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase
regenerates NAD+
anaerobic respiration plants
pyruvate to ethanal to ethanol (uses pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase)
what is used to convert lactate to glucose
oxygen
what is the mechanisms called by which PFK 1 works
negative feedback
what happens to pyruvate after glycolysis
pyruvate enters matrix
combines with Co A to form acetyl co A
produces NADH
TCA cyle
citrate isocitrate alpha-ketoglutarate succinate fumarate maltate oxaloacetate
what is produced in theTCA cyle
GTP
3 NADH
FADH2
what regulates conversion of pyruvate to acetyl co A
pyruvate dehydrogenase
when is pyruvate dehydrogenase activated
when it is not phosphorylated
enzyme to remove phosphate
phosphatase
enzyme to phosphorylate
kinase
what occurs if there is insufficient ATP with pyruvate dehydorgenaase
pyruvate and AMP inhibits kinase
or Ca will stimulate phosphatase (indicator of exercise)
how much ATP is produced in the cycle
34
how is isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited/activated
inhibited by NADH
activated/sped up by ADP and Ca
