glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

where does glycolysis take place

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

how many pyruvate are formed under normal conditions

A

2

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3
Q

pathway of glycolysis

A
glucose
glucose 6 phosphate
fructose 6 phosphate
fructose 1 6 bisphosphate
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
1 3 bisphosphoglycerate
3 phosphoglycerate 
2 phosphoglycerate
phosphoenolpyruvate
pyruvate
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4
Q

how many NADH produced in glycolysis

A

2

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5
Q

what enzyme is a key regulator in glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase I

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6
Q

what is PFK 1 allosterically inhibited by

A

ATP
H+
citrate

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7
Q

what is PFK 1 activated by

A

AMP

Fructose 2-6 bisphosphate

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8
Q

explain the mechanism between PFK1 and PFK 2

A

compete for same molecule
high levels of fructose 6 phosphate PFK 1 unable to process quickly enough
PFK2 used to remove build up of fructose 6 phosphate
production of fructose 2 6 bisphosphate speeds up PFK 1

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9
Q

what happens in aerobic conditions in animals and then plants

A

converted to lactic acid

converted to ethanol

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10
Q

aerobic repsitation animals

A

pyruvate to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase

regenerates NAD+

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11
Q

anaerobic respiration plants

A

pyruvate to ethanal to ethanol (uses pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase)

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12
Q

what is used to convert lactate to glucose

A

oxygen

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13
Q

what is the mechanisms called by which PFK 1 works

A

negative feedback

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14
Q

what happens to pyruvate after glycolysis

A

pyruvate enters matrix
combines with Co A to form acetyl co A
produces NADH

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15
Q

TCA cyle

A
citrate
isocitrate
alpha-ketoglutarate
succinate
fumarate
maltate
oxaloacetate
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16
Q

what is produced in theTCA cyle

A

GTP
3 NADH
FADH2

17
Q

what regulates conversion of pyruvate to acetyl co A

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

18
Q

when is pyruvate dehydrogenase activated

A

when it is not phosphorylated

19
Q

enzyme to remove phosphate

A

phosphatase

20
Q

enzyme to phosphorylate

A

kinase

21
Q

what occurs if there is insufficient ATP with pyruvate dehydorgenaase

A

pyruvate and AMP inhibits kinase

or Ca will stimulate phosphatase (indicator of exercise)

22
Q

how much ATP is produced in the cycle

A

34

23
Q

how is isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited/activated

A

inhibited by NADH

activated/sped up by ADP and Ca