intro to respiratory system Flashcards
respiratio
interchange of gases between air and blood in the lungs
ventilation
inhalation and expansion of air into and out of the lungs through the respiratory tract
divisions of the respiratory tract
conducting tubes to lungs respiratory lung alveoli OR Upper resitptory tract till larynx Lower respiratory tract below Larynx
what is the trachea lined with (and conducting tubes)
respiratory musosa
psudostratifed ciliated colunar epithelium with globet cells
cilia and mucus in repsiratory tract
cilia beat upwards
mucus traps inhaled particles
function of the noes
clean - cilia
warm - vascular musoca
humidify - muscus
what surround the nasal cavity
paranasal air sinuses
provide reservoir of mucus not in direct airflow
pharynx
muscular tube connecting the nose and mouth to larynx and osphegus
larynx
tube with cartilage
epiglottis -protect LRT from food indigestion during swallowing
contain vocal chords-
generate sound
LRT
trachea
bronci (main, lobar, segmental)
bronchioles (no cartilage)
cells of the LRT
ciliated cells muscous goblet cells brush cells basal cells small granule cells clara cells Type I/II pnuemocytes
ciliated cells
move particles upwards
mucus globet cells
secrete mucus to trap particles
brush cells
columnar cells with microvilli - maybe sensory
basal cells
stem cell function
small granule cells
granules at base
neuroendocrine function
clara cells/club cells
found @ conducting portion
secrete glycosaminoglycans
progenitor cell
type I/II pneumocytes
I
squamous epithelial allowing gas exchange
II
@alveloar wall junctions
contain pulmonary surfactant (produces surface tensions)
lung structure
separated from thoracic wall by pleura parietal - outer visceral - inner pleural fluid between continuous around helium
alveli
small sacs
thin walls
formed from pnuemocytes and blood capillaries
contain macrophages
forced ventilation
homeostatic mechanism to restore normal state
occurs: changes in ventilatory cycle for speed, emotional response, more O2 required
what is found between airway epithelium and gas in lumen
airway surface mucus
2 layers - gel layer (protective and watery)
pericillary layer (ciliated cells)
mucins and mucopolysaccharides are attached to pecillary layer
mucins can attach to cilia
implications of airway surface mucus on health
density of mucins/mucopolysaccharies increase from gel layer to epithelium - reduced contact between bacteria and epithelium
W/O leads to airway infection
