intro to respiratory system

Question 1

respiratio

Answer 1

interchange of gases between air and blood in the lungs

Question 2

ventilation

Answer 2

inhalation and expansion of air into and out of the lungs through the respiratory tract

Question 3

divisions of the respiratory tract

Answer 3

conducting 
tubes to lungs
respiratory 
lung alveoli
OR 
Upper resitptory tract
till larynx
Lower respiratory tract
below Larynx

Question 4

what is the trachea lined with (and conducting tubes)

Answer 4

respiratory musosa

psudostratifed ciliated colunar epithelium with globet cells

Question 5

cilia and mucus in repsiratory tract

Answer 5

cilia beat upwards

mucus traps inhaled particles

Question 6

function of the noes

Answer 6

clean - cilia
warm - vascular musoca
humidify - muscus

Question 7

what surround the nasal cavity

Answer 7

paranasal air sinuses

provide reservoir of mucus not in direct airflow

Question 8

pharynx

Answer 8

muscular tube connecting the nose and mouth to larynx and osphegus

Question 9

larynx

Answer 9

tube with cartilage
epiglottis -protect LRT from food indigestion during swallowing
contain vocal chords-
generate sound

Question 10

LRT

Answer 10

trachea
bronci (main, lobar, segmental)
bronchioles (no cartilage)

Question 11

cells of the LRT

Answer 11

ciliated cells
muscous goblet cells
brush cells
basal cells
small granule cells
clara cells
Type I/II pnuemocytes

Question 12

ciliated cells

Answer 12

move particles upwards

Question 13

mucus globet cells

Answer 13

secrete mucus to trap particles

Question 14

brush cells

Answer 14

columnar cells with microvilli - maybe sensory

Question 15

basal cells

Answer 15

stem cell function

Question 16

small granule cells

Answer 16

granules at base

neuroendocrine function

Question 17

clara cells/club cells

Answer 17

found @ conducting portion
secrete glycosaminoglycans
progenitor cell

Question 18

type I/II pneumocytes

Answer 18

I
squamous epithelial allowing gas exchange
II
@alveloar wall junctions
contain pulmonary surfactant (produces surface tensions)

Question 19

lung structure

Answer 19

separated from thoracic wall by pleura
parietal - outer
visceral - inner
pleural fluid between 
continuous around helium

Question 20

alveli

Answer 20

small sacs
thin walls
formed from pnuemocytes and blood capillaries
contain macrophages

Question 21

forced ventilation

Answer 21

homeostatic mechanism to restore normal state

occurs: changes in ventilatory cycle for speed, emotional response, more O2 required

Question 22

what is found between airway epithelium and gas in lumen

Answer 22

airway surface mucus
2 layers - gel layer (protective and watery)
pericillary layer (ciliated cells)
mucins and mucopolysaccharides are attached to pecillary layer
mucins can attach to cilia

Question 23

implications of airway surface mucus on health

Answer 23

density of mucins/mucopolysaccharies increase from gel layer to epithelium - reduced contact between bacteria and epithelium

W/O leads to airway infection