dissection - lungs

Question 1

where do you start to count ribs on a patient

Answer 1

at the sternal angle where maubrium meets the body 2nd rib

Question 2

function of the pleura fluid

Answer 2

adherence between the two layers

prevents friction

Question 3

what is found in the lung hilum

Answer 3

bronchi
2 pulomary veins
1 pulonary artery

Question 4

how can the bronchi be distinguished int he hilium

Answer 4

cartilaginous wall

Question 5

function of the bronchi
pulmonary arteries and veins

Answer 5

bronchi - bring air to the lungs
arteries - to oxygenate blood
veins - bring oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 6

how foes lung tissue received O2 and nutrition

Answer 6

bronchial arteries

Question 7

lobes of each lung and why

Answer 7

right -3
left - 2
due to the heart displaced to the nect

Question 8

surface landmark of apex of the lung

Answer 8

apex of lung and surrounding pleural cavity extend 3cm above medal part of clavical

Question 9

surface land mark lower border of lungs

Answer 9

right
inside the pleural margin from the cupola to 6th rid mid clavicular, 8th mid auxiliary, 10th vertebral column
left
6th rib mid clavicular, 4th coastal cartilage runs horizontally 2-3 cm

Question 10

oblique fissure surface marking

Answer 10

6th rib

Question 11

horixzontal fissure surfacemarking

Answer 11

from sternum 4th right fib

meets oblique fissure

Question 12

listen to lung sound of upper lobes

Answer 12

anterior - 2nd IC space mid clavicular

posterior - C7 -T3

Question 13

listen to sound of right middle lob

Answer 13

anterior. -4th IC space mid clav

Question 14

sounds of lower lobes

Answer 14

posterior - T3 to T10

bilaterally anterior - 6th IC line mid axillary

Question 15

sounds of upper and lower lobe

Answer 15

6th rib

Question 16

type of nerve phrenic is

Answer 16

mixed

Question 17

what is the phrenic motor to

Answer 17

diaghragm

Question 18

what is phrenic sensory to

Answer 18

central part of diaphragm
mediastinal pleura
pericardium

Question 19

where do phrenic nerves originate

Answer 19

anterior rami C3,4,5

Question 20

why do pherenic nerves have a strange course

Answer 20

central tendon develops from septum transversum which lies at the level of the cervical segmental as embryo develops

Question 21

what is respiration§

Answer 21

automatic

Question 22

what is the coastal margin and formed from

Answer 22

lower margin of the thoracic cage

7 8 9 10 ribs

Question 23

what is the sternal plane

Answer 23

horxionatal line from the sternal angle to T4 and 5 vertebrae

Question 24

what is rupture to the pleura called

Answer 24

pneumothorax

Question 25

what can cause a pneomothorax

Answer 25

penetrating wounds

fractured clavicle

Question 26

what do the muscle fibres of the diaphragm attach to

Answer 26

central tendon
lower margins of thoracic cage
xipoid process
lower 6 costs cartilages laterally

Question 27

function of the diaphragm

Answer 27

contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity

Question 28

diagrammatic openings

Answer 28

aortic opening
oesophageal opening
caval opening

Question 29

what does weakening of the oespoheageal opening lead to

Answer 29

hiatus hernia