dissection - lungs Flashcards
where do you start to count ribs on a patient
at the sternal angle where maubrium meets the body 2nd rib
function of the pleura fluid
adherence between the two layers
prevents friction
what is found in the lung hilum
bronchi
2 pulomary veins
1 pulonary artery
how can the bronchi be distinguished int he hilium
cartilaginous wall
function of the bronchi pulmonary arteries and veins
bronchi - bring air to the lungs
arteries - to oxygenate blood
veins - bring oxygenated blood back to the heart
how foes lung tissue received O2 and nutrition
bronchial arteries
lobes of each lung and why
right -3
left - 2
due to the heart displaced to the nect
surface landmark of apex of the lung
apex of lung and surrounding pleural cavity extend 3cm above medal part of clavical
surface land mark lower border of lungs
right
inside the pleural margin from the cupola to 6th rid mid clavicular, 8th mid auxiliary, 10th vertebral column
left
6th rib mid clavicular, 4th coastal cartilage runs horizontally 2-3 cm
oblique fissure surface marking
6th rib
horixzontal fissure surfacemarking
from sternum 4th right fib
meets oblique fissure
listen to lung sound of upper lobes
anterior - 2nd IC space mid clavicular
posterior - C7 -T3
listen to sound of right middle lob
anterior. -4th IC space mid clav
sounds of lower lobes
posterior - T3 to T10
bilaterally anterior - 6th IC line mid axillary
sounds of upper and lower lobe
6th rib
type of nerve phrenic is
mixed
what is the phrenic motor to
diaghragm
what is phrenic sensory to
central part of diaphragm
mediastinal pleura
pericardium
where do phrenic nerves originate
anterior rami C3,4,5
why do pherenic nerves have a strange course
central tendon develops from septum transversum which lies at the level of the cervical segmental as embryo develops
what is respiration§
automatic
what is the coastal margin and formed from
lower margin of the thoracic cage
7 8 9 10 ribs
what is the sternal plane
horxionatal line from the sternal angle to T4 and 5 vertebrae
what is rupture to the pleura called
pneumothorax
what can cause a pneomothorax
penetrating wounds
fractured clavicle
what do the muscle fibres of the diaphragm attach to
central tendon
lower margins of thoracic cage
xipoid process
lower 6 costs cartilages laterally
function of the diaphragm
contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity
diagrammatic openings
aortic opening
oesophageal opening
caval opening
what does weakening of the oespoheageal opening lead to
hiatus hernia
