innate immune responce

Question 1

innate immunity composition

Answer 1

physical and chemical barriers
phagocytic cells
blood proteins

Question 2

receptors in blood

Answer 2

monocytes

neutorphils

Question 3

receptors in tissues

Answer 3

macrophages

dendritic cells

Question 4

what to immune cells regoncise and with what

Answer 4

PAMPs on microbes

use PRR receptors

Question 5

name the pattern regonicition receptors

Answer 5

C type lectin receptors
TLRs
Scavenger receptors

Question 6

what do C type lectin receptors regonise

Answer 6

non self carbohydrates

Question 7

what do TLRs recognsie

Answer 7

non self molecules

PAMPs expressed by microbes

Question 8

what happens once TLR binds

Answer 8

generates immune response resulting in chemokine secretion

Question 9

what do scavenger receptors bind to and do

Answer 9

non self lipids

bind and internalise LDLs

Question 10

what are complement

Answer 10

serum proteins that need to be activated

Question 11

what gets produced once complement is activated

Answer 11

Chemotaxins C3a C5a
C3B
MAC

Question 12

what do C3a and C5a do

Answer 12

act like chemokines

Question 13

what does C3b do

Answer 13

coats the bacteria

opsonisation

Question 14

what do MAC do

Answer 14

direct cell lysis by hole in membrane

Question 15

what is the process o cells leaving circulation and moving to site of infection

Answer 15

extravasation

Question 16

explain extravasation

Answer 16

macrophage recognises but but cannot eliminate
intracellular signalling
secretes TNF alpha
TNF activates endothelium to express molecules on surface
makes endothelium secrete chemokines (trapped on glycosaminoglycans)
neutrophils roll on endothelial surface
chemokine receptor binds to chemokine, sends signal in cell so neutrophil thermadhere
move though gaps in endothelium

Question 17

what is the listed process of extravasation

Answer 17

tethering 
singalling
firmadherace 
chemotaxis
killing

Question 18

what does TNF do

Answer 18

activates endothelium to express molecules on the surface to make it more sticky

Question 19

how does phagocytosis occur

Answer 19

macrophage/neutrophil uses same receptor to bind as to sence
bacteria binds to suface and is engulfed into a phagosome
other vesicles bind and form a phagolysosome
digest bacterium
some material exerted some displayed some used as energy store

Question 20

what happens when a phagocyte is full

Answer 20

apotosis
encloses everything in plasma membrane
other phagosomes engulf fragments

Question 21

what are the two mechanism of microbial killing

Answer 21

O2 dependant

O2 independant

Question 22

what is the O2 independent pathway

Answer 22

use of: enzymes
protiens
pH

Question 23

O2 dependant pathway

Answer 23

reactive oxygen intermediates
superoxides are conserved to hydrogen peroxide and then hydroxyl radical, terminates bacterial DNA
NO can cause extravasation

Question 24

how are complements activated

Answer 24

classical- Ab bound to microbe
alternative - complment bound to microbe
lectin - MBL bound to microbe

Question 25

types of C type lectin receptor

Answer 25

type 1 - many C type receptors

type 2 - only one C type receptor