autonomic nervous system

Question 1

subdivisons of the autonomic NS

Answer 1

parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 2

how many neurones are used in the para/symapthetic system

Answer 2

2 pre and post ganglionic fibre

Question 3

anatomy of the PSNS

Answer 3

long preganglionic neruoens
ganglia in or near target organs
short post ganglionic neurones

Question 4

anatomy of the SNS

Answer 4

short preganlionic neurones
ganglia near to SC forming the sympathetic chain
long post ganglionic neruones

Question 5

neurotransmitters of PSNS

Answer 5

Ach

Question 6

receptors of PSNS

Answer 6

nicotinic (ganglion)

muscarinic (target organ)

Question 7

neurotransmittors of SNS

Answer 7

Ach

Noradrenaline

Question 8

receptors of SNS

Answer 8

nicotinic (ganglion)

adrenergic (target organ)

Question 9

anatomical differences

PSNS

Answer 9

cell bodies of preganglionic PS in brainstem and sacral spinal cord
leave CNS via CN 3,7,9,10
or leave via sacral nerves

Question 10

where does PSNS synapse

Answer 10

within parasympathetic ganglia that lie close to target

Question 11

anatomy of the SNS (preganglionic)

Answer 11

cell bodies found in the lateral horn of thoracic SC

Question 12

where does the SNS synapse

Answer 12

synapse at ganglia with the post ganglionic neurones forming sympathetic chains either side of SC

Question 13

where are post ganglionic parasympathetic ganglia foundn

Answer 13

close/in target organs

Question 14

where are post ganglionic sympathetic neurones

Answer 14

distant from target

Question 15

where do axons of neurones run to reach targets in the sympathetic NC

Answer 15

run along arteries or rejoin spinal nerves

Question 16

effects of the systems on the skin

Answer 16

sym
constricts blood vessels
stimulate sweat secretion
hair erection
para
no supply

Question 17

effect on the eye of systems

Answer 17

sym
pupil dilation
inhibit lacrimal gland secretion
para
pupil constriction
contract lens

Question 18

effect on respiratory system

Answer 18

sym
dilate bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels
para
constrict bronchi and blood vessels to normal diameter

Question 19

effects on gastrointestinal tract

Answer 19

sym
inhibit secretion motility and constricts blood vessels
para
stimulates secretion motility

Question 20

effect on CV system

Answer 20

sym
increase in HR
dilates vessels in muscles
constrict vessels in skin
para
decrease HR

Question 21

what part of the SC contributes to the sympathetic

Answer 21

thoracic and lumbar

Question 22

what part of the SC contributes to parasympathetic

Answer 22

sacral cord and cranial

Question 23

which ganglion in the SNS innervates the head and neck

Answer 23

superior cervical ganglion

Question 24

parasympathetic supply to the head and neck

Answer 24

1) Ciliary
2) Pterygopalatine
3) Otic
4) Submandibular
GRT
ophthalmic
maxilallary
mandibular
(via trigeminal branches)