ECM

Question 1

define ECM

Answer 1

network of macromolecules that occupy the extracellular space

Question 2

what makes the ECM

Answer 2

connective tissue/cell

Question 3

functions of ECM

Answer 3

protect
support
strength
signal

Question 4

what does the ECM store

Answer 4

growth factors

Question 5

what is the ECM used for

Answer 5

cell adhesion/migration

Question 6

what occurs with malignant cells

Answer 6

continue to grow without ECM or connection with other cells

Question 7

what happens when cells do not have ECM

Answer 7

programmed cell death by anoikis

Question 8

ECM proteins 6

Answer 8

collagen
elastin
fibronectin
laminin
proteoglycans
minerals

Question 9

how is elastin secreted

Answer 9

soluble formed linked by disulphide bridges

Question 10

what is fibronectin

Answer 10

large protein or 2 almsot identical protein (dimer)

Question 11

functions of fibronectin

Answer 11

support and strength

interactions with other ECM proteins

Question 12

fucntio of laminin

Answer 12

binding site for cell/protiens

Question 13

what is laminin a component of

Answer 13

basal lamina

Question 14

what is the basal lamina

Answer 14

layer of the basement membrane

Question 15

what are proteoglycans

Answer 15

protein backbone with polysaccharide side chains

Question 16

what do proteoglycans do

Answer 16

regulate protein activity and act as co receptors

Question 17

what are the side chains of proteoglycans called

Answer 17

glycosaminoglycans

Question 18

what is the basement membrane

Answer 18

network of macromolecules

specilaised form of ECM

Question 19

how do cells interact with the ECM

Answer 19

through integrins

Question 20

what are integrins

Answer 20

membrane bound receptros

Question 21

what are integrins made of

Answer 21

2 different protiens (heterodimer)

Question 22

what determins ligand binding

Answer 22

specific dimer pairing

Question 23

purpose of integrins 2

Answer 23

cells can detect what matrix they are bound to

generates a signal once bound

Question 24

how do cells modify the ECM

Answer 24

secrete proteilytic enzymes to break down ECM allowing path for cell migration

Question 25

what acts as a signal after ECM has been broken down

Answer 25

degradation productis

Question 26

what can enzymes do in responce to degradation products

Answer 26

secrete/activate GF

Question 27

What occurs at wound heeling

Answer 27

matrix signals
haemostat responce to prevent bleeding
cells move and proliferate at wound

Question 28

what is different in canner

Answer 28

matrix and integrin expression

Question 29

what does integrin signal for

Answer 29

growth
apoptosis
migration

Question 30

what is connective tissue called in cancer

Answer 30

stroma

Question 31

what happens during tutor metastasis

Answer 31

disregulated growth, decreased cell contact
basement membrane breaks down
timor cells invade stroma
regrow with angiogenesis

Question 32

how can the ECM vary

Answer 32

due to different composition

Question 33

what are elastic fibres arrangement and components

Answer 33

cross linked arrays of tropoelastin

Question 34

what is laminin

Answer 34

large protein of 3 different subunits

Question 35

function of laminin

Answer 35

binding site for cells/protein

Question 36

what does laminin signal cells to do

Answer 36

differentiate
adhere
migrate

Question 37

what can integrins also act as

Answer 37

mechanosensors