Lecture 9 - Streptococcus Flashcards
1
Q
What type of bacteria is streptococcus based on behavior?
A
Pyogenic
2
Q
What are streptococcus infections associated with?
A
Suppuration and Abscess formation
3
Q
What are the two other genera of streptococcus?
A
Enterococcous + Peptostreptococcus
4
Q
What is another name for peptostreptococcus?
A
Peptoniphilus
5
Q
What type of pathogen is enterococcus?
A
Opportunistic
6
Q
What is the oxygen preference of Peptoniphilius?
A
Strict anaerobes
7
Q
Why is it hard for AB’s to get to streptococcus infections?
A
Abscess formation causes the infection to be walled off
8
Q
What is the basis of lance field scheme of classification?
A
Antigenicity of a cell wall carbohydrate, known as the C substance
9
Q
What is GAS composed of?
A
NAG + Rhamnose
10
Q
What are the six significant streptococcal pathogens?
A
Pyogenes Agalactiae Enterooccus faecalis Equi equi Suis Ubers
11
Q
What is the hemolytic pattern of S. pyogenes?
A
Beta
12
Q
What is the hemolytic patter of S. uberis?
A
Alpha
13
Q
What is the hemolytic pattern of S. equi spp. equi?
A
Beta
14
Q
What is the hemolytic pattern of S. Agalactiae?
A
Beta
15
Q
What is the hemolytic pattern of Enterococcus faecalis?
A
Alpha + Gamma
16
Q
What is the hemolytic pattern of S. Suis?
A
Alpha
17
Q
What is the basic disease process that goes with S. pyogenes?
A
Mastitis + Lymphangitis
18
Q
What is the basic disease process that goes with S. aglactiae?
A
Chronic mastitis
19
Q
What is the basic disease process that goes with S. equi spp. equi?
A
Strangles
20
Q
What is the basic disease process that goes with S. Suis?
A
Meningitis
21
Q
What is the basic disease process that goes with S. Uberis?
A
Mastitis
22
Q
What is the basic disease process that goes with Enterococcus faecalis?
A
Oppurtunistic infections
23
Q
What kind of hemolysis occurs with alpha?
A
Partial
24
Q
What kind of hemolysis occurs with beta?
A
Complete
25
What kind of hemolysis occurs with gamma?
None
26
What are the oxygen standards of streptococcus?
Obligate fermentative, but survives in O2
27
What is the growth characteristic of streptococcus?
Fastidious
28
What type of medium does streptococcus like to grow on?
Blood agar
29
What temperature does streptococcus prefer?
Mesophile - 35 to 37 degrees C
30
What is streptococcus' preference towards CO2?
Capnophile - like CO2 levels at 2 to 10%
31
Is streptococcus gram + or - ?
Postive
32
What are the general arrangement of streptococcal cells?
Chains or Diploid
33
What shapes do streptococcal cells tend to be?
Spheres or Oval
34
What are the catalase properties of streptococcus?
Negative
35
When does strep grow in chains?
Broth culture
36
When does strep tend to grow in diploid form?
Clinically
37
What are the virulence factors within the cell envelope in Strep?
M protein + Peptidoglycan + Protein F/LTA + Capsule
38
What is the major virulence factor for Strep?
M protein
39
What does M protein do?
Protects cell from phagocytosis
Inhibits activation of complementation
Allows for attachment to host cell
40
How does M protein inhibit complement activation?
Binds to Factor H
41
What does peptidoglycan do?
Pyrogen
42
What does Protein F and LTA allow for?
Tissue tropism
43
What does Protein F do?
Bind fibronectin surface host cells
44
What does LTA do?
Attaches to pharyngeal epithelium
45
What is the capsule of Strep composed of?
Hyaluronic acid OR Polysaccharides
46
What does the capsule allow the Strep cell to do?
Appears as "self" to immune system, inhibiting phagocytosis also giving smooth appearance to colony
47
What are the virulent enzymes and exotoxins within Strep?
```
Hemolysins
C5a peptidase
Streptodornase
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase
Spe (streptococcal pyrogenic factor)
Siderophores
```
48
What are the two types of hemolysin?
Steptolysin O + S
49
What does streptolysin O do?
Oxygen labile
Destroys RBCs and WBCs
Immunogenic
50
What does Streptolysin S do?
Destroy RBC + WBC
51
When is there hemolysis with strep O?
Deep cuts
52
When is there hemolysis with strep S?
Surface
53
What does C5a peptidase do?
Degrade C5a - Disrupts recruitment + activation of phagocytic cells
54
What does Streptodornase do?
Degrades DNA - reduces viscosity = purulent exudates
55
What does streptokinase do?
Generates plasmin - Breaks down fibrin + other clot forming proteins
56
What does Hyaluronidase do?
it is a mucolytic enzyme
| Splits and reduces the viscosity of HA -- allowing for easier spread of infection
57
How many types of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoins are there?
3 - A, B, C
58
Which of the Spe's are superantigens?
A
59
What does SpeA cause?
Massive cytokine release + Tissue damage
| Responsible for toxemia
60
What are Strep with SpeA called?
Lysogenzed strains
61
What do siderophores do?
Iron chelating molecules
62
What are the two common Strep's that affect horses?
Equi
Spp. Equi
Spp. Zooepidemicus
63
What is the general effect of spp. Equi?
Strangle s
64
What is the general effect of spp. Zooepidemicus?
Pneumonia
65
What are the common Strep's that affect pigs?
Suis
| Types 1, 2, 9, 14
66
What S. Suis type is responsible for Menigitis?
Type 2
67
What S. Suis is responsible for Polyserositis and septicemeia?
Types 1, 9, 14
68
What types of Strep commonly affect cow?
Agalactiae + Dysgalactiae + Uberis
69
What lymph nodes are affected in strangles?
Mandibular + Retropharyngeal + Intermandibular
70
What are the characteristics of strangles?
Upper respiratory tract
Nasal discharge
Abscessed LN
71
What horses are susceptible to strangles?
All, but primarily seen in young
72
How is strangles transmitted?
Purulent exudate
| Chronic carrier w/ bacteria in guttural pouch
73
How does infection occur with strangles?
Enter nose or mouth
Attach to cilia of tonsils
Move into lymph nodes - multiples there
74
What causes abscesses in LN with strangles?
Influx of neutrophils
75
What are the virulence factors in strangles?
```
Peptidoglycan
Hyularonic capsule
M protein
Streptokinase + Streptolysin S
Lysogens
```
76
What does the peptidoglycan in strangles do?
React with C1 in complement pathway
77
What does the capsule and M protein do in strangles?
Inhibit phagocytosis
78
Alone, what does M protein do in strangles?
Prevent Alternate + Classical complement
79
What is the incubation period of strangles?
3-6 days
80
What is the length of strangles infection if it is uncomplicated?
5 to 10 day s
81
What are the possible outcomes of strangles?
Purpura hemorrhagica vasculitis
Type III Hypersensitivity
Bastard strangles
82
How long does it take for a type III reaction to occur with strangles?
1 to 3 weeks, delayed due to time needed to make Ab's
83
What is bastard strangles?
Meatstatic absecesses
84
What is the mortality rate with Strangles?
5%
85
How can you diagnose strangles?
Nasal discharge
LN aspiration
PCR
IsoAMP
86
What do the S. Equi spp. Equi colonies look like?
Mucois, 4 mm diameter, B-Hemolytic on BAP
87
Why would you use PCR to ID S. Equi spp. Equi?
Tell the difference between equisimilis and zooepidemicus
| Detect those showing no signs
88
What is the treatment for strangles?
Supportice
| Hot packs + drain LN
89
What vaccines are used for strangles?
Cell wall extract
| Live, noncapsulated, attenuated strain
90
When might you get a reaction to the vaccine?
Currents signs of strangles seen
-- or --
Disease occurred in the past year
91
What might you need to remove from the horse to end ongoing strangles infection?
Chondrioids (hardened purulent debris)
92
What lancefield group is S. Suis?
D
93
What pathologies are linked to S. suis? (5 of them)
```
Meningitis
Endocarditis
Neonatal death
Bronchopneumonia
Septicemia
```
94
Which S. suis is most prevalent?
Type 2
95
Where is S. suis located in asymptomatic pigs?
Tonsillar tissues
96
When is meningitis normally seen?
Nursing or recently weaned pigs
97
What are the signs of meningitis in pigs?
Continual movement of eyes
| Shivering + Shaking + Paddling + Convulsions
98
When do you see outbreaks of S. Suis?
Intensely reared pigs
| Overcrowding + Poor ventilation + Stress
99
What happens when sows transmit S. Suis to litter?
Neonatal death
-- or --
Carrier animals
100
What happens when humans come into contact with S. Suis?
Systemic infection
| Meningitis - most common symptom
101
What is S. Suis susceptible to?
Penicillin/ampicillin
102
When is prophylactic treatment used for S. Suis?
Sows - when farrowing
| Piglets - first 2 weeks
103
What kind of mastitis does S. agalactiae cause?
Contagious
104
What kind of mastitis does S. dysgalactiae cause?
Contagious + Environmental
105
What kind of mastitis does S. uberis cause?
Environmental
106
Where is S. agalactiae found in the cow?
Milk ducts
107
Where is S. dysgalactiae found in the cow?
Buccal cavity + Genitalia + Skin of mammary gland
108
Where is S. uberis found in the cow?
Organic bedding
| Normal to find on Skin + Tonsils + Vaginal mucosa
109
What happens to milk production with S. agalactiae?
No galactose/milk
110
What happens to milk production with S. dysgalactiae?
Impaired milking
111
Which strep is the major cause of clinical mastitis in cows?
S. uberis
112
What do you see with Strep induced mastitis?
Inflammation of mammary tissue
Clots in milk
Increase in SSC
113
What is the haemolysis, CAMP results, hydrolysis, and lancefield group of S. agalactiae?
Beta
Camp +
Hydrolysis -
Lancefield B
114
What is the haemolysis, CAMP results, hydrolysis, and lancefield group of S. dysgalactiae?
Alpha
Camp -
Hydrolysis -
Lancefield C
115
What is the haemolysis, CAMP results, hydrolysis, and lancefield group of S. Uberis?
Alpha
CAMP -
Hydrolysis +
No lancefied group
116
What does CAMP factor do?
Enhances B-hemolysis
117
What is the easiest strep to treat in cows?
S. agalactiae
118
What AB's should be used to treat S. agalactiae?
Cephalosporins + Penicilin
119
Why dont you want to use macrolides in treating Strep infections in cows?
long withdrawal times
120
What are the Streps that can affect cats and dogs?
Canis
Equis spp. Zooepidemicus
Enterococcus faecium + faeclis
121
What is the primary step infection seen in dogs and cats?
S. Canis
122
What does S. Canis cause?
Necrotizing fascitis + Toxic Shock Syndrome
123
What is the characteristics of S. Canis in cat neonates?
infected by the queen
Weight loss + Swollen infected Umbilicus
Death
124
What are the characteristics of S. Canis in juvenile cats?
Lymphadenitis
125
What is the route of infection in neonate kittens?
Umbilical cord to peritoneum or ductus venosus
126
What are the clinical manifestation in neonatal puppies with S. canis?
Bacteremia + Septicemia + Polyarthritis + FPS
127
What are the clinical manifestation in older dogs with S. canis?
Rapidly progressing systemic infection
TSS
NFM
