Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology > Lecture 9 - Streptococcus > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is streptococcus based on behavior?

A

Pyogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are streptococcus infections associated with?

A

Suppuration and Abscess formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two other genera of streptococcus?

A

Enterococcous + Peptostreptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is another name for peptostreptococcus?

A

Peptoniphilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of pathogen is enterococcus?

A

Opportunistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the oxygen preference of Peptoniphilius?

A

Strict anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is it hard for AB’s to get to streptococcus infections?

A

Abscess formation causes the infection to be walled off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the basis of lance field scheme of classification?

A

Antigenicity of a cell wall carbohydrate, known as the C substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is GAS composed of?

A

NAG + Rhamnose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the six significant streptococcal pathogens?

A 
Pyogenes 
Agalactiae 
Enterooccus faecalis 
Equi equi 
Suis 
Ubers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of S. pyogenes?

A

Beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the hemolytic patter of S. uberis?

A

Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of S. equi spp. equi?

A

Beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of S. Agalactiae?

A

Beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of Enterococcus faecalis?

A

Alpha + Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the hemolytic pattern of S. Suis?

A

Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the basic disease process that goes with S. pyogenes?

A

Mastitis + Lymphangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the basic disease process that goes with S. aglactiae?

A

Chronic mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the basic disease process that goes with S. equi spp. equi?

A

Strangles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the basic disease process that goes with S. Suis?

A

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the basic disease process that goes with S. Uberis?

A

Mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the basic disease process that goes with Enterococcus faecalis?

A

Oppurtunistic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What kind of hemolysis occurs with alpha?

A

Partial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What kind of hemolysis occurs with beta?

A

Complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What kind of hemolysis occurs with gamma?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the oxygen standards of streptococcus?

A

Obligate fermentative, but survives in O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the growth characteristic of streptococcus?

A

Fastidious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What type of medium does streptococcus like to grow on?

A

Blood agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What temperature does streptococcus prefer?

A

Mesophile - 35 to 37 degrees C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is streptococcus’ preference towards CO2?

A

Capnophile - like CO2 levels at 2 to 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Is streptococcus gram + or - ?

A

Postive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the general arrangement of streptococcal cells?

A

Chains or Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What shapes do streptococcal cells tend to be?

A

Spheres or Oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the catalase properties of streptococcus?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When does strep grow in chains?

A

Broth culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When does strep tend to grow in diploid form?

A

Clinically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the virulence factors within the cell envelope in Strep?

A

M protein + Peptidoglycan + Protein F/LTA + Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the major virulence factor for Strep?

A

M protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What does M protein do?

A

Protects cell from phagocytosis
Inhibits activation of complementation
Allows for attachment to host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How does M protein inhibit complement activation?

A

Binds to Factor H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What does peptidoglycan do?

A

Pyrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does Protein F and LTA allow for?

A

Tissue tropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does Protein F do?

A

Bind fibronectin surface host cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does LTA do?

A

Attaches to pharyngeal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the capsule of Strep composed of?

A

Hyaluronic acid OR Polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What does the capsule allow the Strep cell to do?

A

Appears as “self” to immune system, inhibiting phagocytosis also giving smooth appearance to colony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the virulent enzymes and exotoxins within Strep?

A 
Hemolysins 
C5a peptidase 
Streptodornase 
Streptokinase 
Hyaluronidase 
Spe (streptococcal pyrogenic factor) 
Siderophores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are the two types of hemolysin?

A

Steptolysin O + S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What does streptolysin O do?

A

Oxygen labile
Destroys RBCs and WBCs
Immunogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What does Streptolysin S do?

A

Destroy RBC + WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

When is there hemolysis with strep O?

A

Deep cuts

52
Q

When is there hemolysis with strep S?

A

Surface

53
Q

What does C5a peptidase do?

A

Degrade C5a - Disrupts recruitment + activation of phagocytic cells

54
Q

What does Streptodornase do?

A

Degrades DNA - reduces viscosity = purulent exudates

55
Q

What does streptokinase do?

A

Generates plasmin - Breaks down fibrin + other clot forming proteins

56
Q

What does Hyaluronidase do?

A

it is a mucolytic enzyme

Splits and reduces the viscosity of HA – allowing for easier spread of infection

57
Q

How many types of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoins are there?

A

3 - A, B, C

58
Q

Which of the Spe’s are superantigens?

A

A

59
Q

What does SpeA cause?

A

Massive cytokine release + Tissue damage

Responsible for toxemia

60
Q

What are Strep with SpeA called?

A

Lysogenzed strains

61
Q

What do siderophores do?

A

Iron chelating molecules

62
Q

What are the two common Strep’s that affect horses?

A

Equi
Spp. Equi
Spp. Zooepidemicus

63
Q

What is the general effect of spp. Equi?

A

Strangle s

64
Q

What is the general effect of spp. Zooepidemicus?

A

Pneumonia

65
Q

What are the common Strep’s that affect pigs?

A

Suis

Types 1, 2, 9, 14

66
Q

What S. Suis type is responsible for Menigitis?

A

Type 2

67
Q

What S. Suis is responsible for Polyserositis and septicemeia?

A

Types 1, 9, 14

68
Q

What types of Strep commonly affect cow?

A

Agalactiae + Dysgalactiae + Uberis

69
Q

What lymph nodes are affected in strangles?

A

Mandibular + Retropharyngeal + Intermandibular

70
Q

What are the characteristics of strangles?

A

Upper respiratory tract
Nasal discharge
Abscessed LN

71
Q

What horses are susceptible to strangles?

A

All, but primarily seen in young

72
Q

How is strangles transmitted?

A

Purulent exudate

Chronic carrier w/ bacteria in guttural pouch

73
Q

How does infection occur with strangles?

A

Enter nose or mouth
Attach to cilia of tonsils
Move into lymph nodes - multiples there

74
Q

What causes abscesses in LN with strangles?

A

Influx of neutrophils

75
Q

What are the virulence factors in strangles?

A 
Peptidoglycan 
Hyularonic capsule 
M protein 
Streptokinase + Streptolysin S 
Lysogens
76
Q

What does the peptidoglycan in strangles do?

A

React with C1 in complement pathway

77
Q

What does the capsule and M protein do in strangles?

A

Inhibit phagocytosis

78
Q

Alone, what does M protein do in strangles?

A

Prevent Alternate + Classical complement

79
Q

What is the incubation period of strangles?

A

3-6 days

80
Q

What is the length of strangles infection if it is uncomplicated?

A

5 to 10 day s

81
Q

What are the possible outcomes of strangles?

A

Purpura hemorrhagica vasculitis
Type III Hypersensitivity
Bastard strangles

82
Q

How long does it take for a type III reaction to occur with strangles?

A

1 to 3 weeks, delayed due to time needed to make Ab’s

83
Q

What is bastard strangles?

A

Meatstatic absecesses

84
Q

What is the mortality rate with Strangles?

A

5%

85
Q

How can you diagnose strangles?

A

Nasal discharge
LN aspiration
PCR
IsoAMP

86
Q

What do the S. Equi spp. Equi colonies look like?

A

Mucois, 4 mm diameter, B-Hemolytic on BAP

87
Q

Why would you use PCR to ID S. Equi spp. Equi?

A

Tell the difference between equisimilis and zooepidemicus

Detect those showing no signs

88
Q

What is the treatment for strangles?

A

Supportice

Hot packs + drain LN

89
Q

What vaccines are used for strangles?

A

Cell wall extract

Live, noncapsulated, attenuated strain

90
Q

When might you get a reaction to the vaccine?

A

Currents signs of strangles seen
– or –
Disease occurred in the past year

91
Q

What might you need to remove from the horse to end ongoing strangles infection?

A

Chondrioids (hardened purulent debris)

92
Q

What lancefield group is S. Suis?

A

D

93
Q

What pathologies are linked to S. suis? (5 of them)

A 
Meningitis 
Endocarditis 
Neonatal death 
Bronchopneumonia 
Septicemia
94
Q

Which S. suis is most prevalent?

A

Type 2

95
Q

Where is S. suis located in asymptomatic pigs?

A

Tonsillar tissues

96
Q

When is meningitis normally seen?

A

Nursing or recently weaned pigs

97
Q

What are the signs of meningitis in pigs?

A

Continual movement of eyes

Shivering + Shaking + Paddling + Convulsions

98
Q

When do you see outbreaks of S. Suis?

A

Intensely reared pigs

Overcrowding + Poor ventilation + Stress

99
Q

What happens when sows transmit S. Suis to litter?

A

Neonatal death
– or –
Carrier animals

100
Q

What happens when humans come into contact with S. Suis?

A

Systemic infection

Meningitis - most common symptom

101
Q

What is S. Suis susceptible to?

A

Penicillin/ampicillin

102
Q

When is prophylactic treatment used for S. Suis?

A

Sows - when farrowing

Piglets - first 2 weeks

103
Q

What kind of mastitis does S. agalactiae cause?

A

Contagious

104
Q

What kind of mastitis does S. dysgalactiae cause?

A

Contagious + Environmental

105
Q

What kind of mastitis does S. uberis cause?

A

Environmental

106
Q

Where is S. agalactiae found in the cow?

A

Milk ducts

107
Q

Where is S. dysgalactiae found in the cow?

A

Buccal cavity + Genitalia + Skin of mammary gland

108
Q

Where is S. uberis found in the cow?

A

Organic bedding

Normal to find on Skin + Tonsils + Vaginal mucosa

109
Q

What happens to milk production with S. agalactiae?

A

No galactose/milk

110
Q

What happens to milk production with S. dysgalactiae?

A

Impaired milking

111
Q

Which strep is the major cause of clinical mastitis in cows?

A

S. uberis

112
Q

What do you see with Strep induced mastitis?

A

Inflammation of mammary tissue
Clots in milk
Increase in SSC

113
Q

What is the haemolysis, CAMP results, hydrolysis, and lancefield group of S. agalactiae?

A

Beta
Camp +
Hydrolysis -
Lancefield B

114
Q

What is the haemolysis, CAMP results, hydrolysis, and lancefield group of S. dysgalactiae?

A

Alpha
Camp -
Hydrolysis -
Lancefield C

115
Q

What is the haemolysis, CAMP results, hydrolysis, and lancefield group of S. Uberis?

A

Alpha
CAMP -
Hydrolysis +
No lancefied group

116
Q

What does CAMP factor do?

A

Enhances B-hemolysis

117
Q

What is the easiest strep to treat in cows?

A

S. agalactiae

118
Q

What AB’s should be used to treat S. agalactiae?

A

Cephalosporins + Penicilin

119
Q

Why dont you want to use macrolides in treating Strep infections in cows?

A

long withdrawal times

120
Q

What are the Streps that can affect cats and dogs?

A

Canis
Equis spp. Zooepidemicus
Enterococcus faecium + faeclis

121
Q

What is the primary step infection seen in dogs and cats?

A

S. Canis

122
Q

What does S. Canis cause?

A

Necrotizing fascitis + Toxic Shock Syndrome

123
Q

What is the characteristics of S. Canis in cat neonates?

A

infected by the queen
Weight loss + Swollen infected Umbilicus
Death

124
Q

What are the characteristics of S. Canis in juvenile cats?

A

Lymphadenitis

125
Q

What is the route of infection in neonate kittens?

A

Umbilical cord to peritoneum or ductus venosus

126
Q

What are the clinical manifestation in neonatal puppies with S. canis?

A

Bacteremia + Septicemia + Polyarthritis + FPS

127
Q

What are the clinical manifestation in older dogs with S. canis?

A

Rapidly progressing systemic infection
TSS
NFM

Bacteriology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions