Lecture 11 - Actinobacteria I Flashcards
What are the four types of actinobacteria we must know?
Actinomyces
Nocardia
Dermatophilus
Corynebacterium
Are Actinobacteria gram positive or negative?
Postive
What is the cell morphology or actinobacteria?
Coccoid to filamentous
What is the cell morphology of actinomyces?
Typically rods or filaments w/ branching
What is the oxygen preference of actinomyces?
Facultative or obligate anaerobes
What is needed to grow actinomyces?
Enriched media, plus many are capnophiles
What is the lifestyle type of actinomyces?
Commensals
What is the primary habitat of actinomyces?
oral mucosa + tooth surface
Where else can actinomyces be found?
Nasopharynx + Urogenital tract + Intestinal tract
What is the characteristics of an actinomyces infection?
Endogenous + Noncommunicable + Polymicrobial
What is the typical cause of an actinomyces infection?
Traumatic inoculation
Why do actinomyces infections tend to be polymicrobial?
Other bacteria decrease the amount of oxygen in the area, allowing a more suitable environment
What type of reactions tend to occur with actinomyces?
Pyogranulomatous
What are pyogranulomatous reactions?
Supprative inflammation surrounded by granulomatous elements
What does the exudate of actinomyces tend to contain?
Sulfur granules,
What are the virulence factors of actinomyces?
unknown
What are the four important actinomyces to us?
Bovis + Suis + Viscosus + Hordeovulneris
What does A. Bovis cause?
Lumpy jaw in cattle
What is lumpy jaw?
Indurated, suppurative lesions in soft tissue + bone
Along with osteomyelitis
What does osteomyelitis in lumpy jaw cause?
Tooth dislodgement + Inability to chew _ Mandibular fractures
What does A. suis cause?
Mastitis + occasional infection in lungs, spleen, kidneys etc
What causes mastitis in A. Suis?
Trauma from suckling + weaning
What actinomyces can cause infections in Equine?
A. bovis
What does A. Bovis do to Equine?
Manibular lymphadenopathty
Fistous withers + poll evil
Skin nodules
What are the two actinomyces that effect dogs and cats?
Viscosus + Hordeovulneris
What does A. Viscosus tend to do in dogs and cats?
Subcutaneous abscesses
What is the major cause of A. hordeovulneris infection in dogs and cats?
Fox tails
What does A. hordeovulneris cause?
same as A. vicosus along with abscesses on liver and spleen + septic arthritis
What is the treatment for actinomycosis infections?
Surgery of lesions
Prolonged administration of AB’s
What is done specifically for treatment of bovine lumpy jaw?
Sodium iodide concurrent w/ antibiotics
What are the general characteristics of dermatophilus congolensis?
branching filaments
Motile, coccoid zoospores
What is the oxygen preference of dermatophilus congolensis?
Facultative anaerobe + Capnophilic
What are the most common hosts of dermatophiuls congolensis?
Horse + Sheep + Cattle