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Bacteriology > Lecture 11 - Actinobacteria I > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Actinobacteria I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of actinobacteria we must know?

A

Actinomyces
Nocardia
Dermatophilus
Corynebacterium

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2
Q

Are Actinobacteria gram positive or negative?

A

Postive

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3
Q

What is the cell morphology or actinobacteria?

A

Coccoid to filamentous

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4
Q

What is the cell morphology of actinomyces?

A

Typically rods or filaments w/ branching

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5
Q

What is the oxygen preference of actinomyces?

A

Facultative or obligate anaerobes

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6
Q

What is needed to grow actinomyces?

A

Enriched media, plus many are capnophiles

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7
Q

What is the lifestyle type of actinomyces?

A

Commensals

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8
Q

What is the primary habitat of actinomyces?

A

oral mucosa + tooth surface

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9
Q

Where else can actinomyces be found?

A

Nasopharynx + Urogenital tract + Intestinal tract

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10
Q

What is the characteristics of an actinomyces infection?

A

Endogenous + Noncommunicable + Polymicrobial

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11
Q

What is the typical cause of an actinomyces infection?

A

Traumatic inoculation

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12
Q

Why do actinomyces infections tend to be polymicrobial?

A

Other bacteria decrease the amount of oxygen in the area, allowing a more suitable environment

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13
Q

What type of reactions tend to occur with actinomyces?

A

Pyogranulomatous

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14
Q

What are pyogranulomatous reactions?

A

Supprative inflammation surrounded by granulomatous elements

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15
Q

What does the exudate of actinomyces tend to contain?

A

Sulfur granules,

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16
Q

What are the virulence factors of actinomyces?

A

unknown

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17
Q

What are the four important actinomyces to us?

A

Bovis + Suis + Viscosus + Hordeovulneris

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18
Q

What does A. Bovis cause?

A

Lumpy jaw in cattle

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19
Q

What is lumpy jaw?

A

Indurated, suppurative lesions in soft tissue + bone

Along with osteomyelitis

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20
Q

What does osteomyelitis in lumpy jaw cause?

A

Tooth dislodgement + Inability to chew _ Mandibular fractures

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21
Q

What does A. suis cause?

A

Mastitis + occasional infection in lungs, spleen, kidneys etc

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22
Q

What causes mastitis in A. Suis?

A

Trauma from suckling + weaning

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23
Q

What actinomyces can cause infections in Equine?

A

A. bovis

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24
Q

What does A. Bovis do to Equine?

A

Manibular lymphadenopathty
Fistous withers + poll evil
Skin nodules

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25
Q

What are the two actinomyces that effect dogs and cats?

A

Viscosus + Hordeovulneris

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26
Q

What does A. Viscosus tend to do in dogs and cats?

A

Subcutaneous abscesses

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27
Q

What is the major cause of A. hordeovulneris infection in dogs and cats?

A

Fox tails

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28
Q

What does A. hordeovulneris cause?

A

same as A. vicosus along with abscesses on liver and spleen + septic arthritis

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29
Q

What is the treatment for actinomycosis infections?

A

Surgery of lesions

Prolonged administration of AB’s

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30
Q

What is done specifically for treatment of bovine lumpy jaw?

A

Sodium iodide concurrent w/ antibiotics

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31
Q

What are the general characteristics of dermatophilus congolensis?

A

branching filaments

Motile, coccoid zoospores

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32
Q

What is the oxygen preference of dermatophilus congolensis?

A

Facultative anaerobe + Capnophilic

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33
Q

What are the most common hosts of dermatophiuls congolensis?

A

Horse + Sheep + Cattle

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34
Q

How does transmission of dermatophilus congolensis occur?

A

Direct contact + Fomites + Biting arthopods

35
Q

What is the main reservoir for dermatophilus congolensis?

A

Asymptomatic chronically infected hosts

36
Q

What is the key feature of a stain of dermatophilus congolensis?

A

Railroad tracts

37
Q

What symptoms are seen with dermatophilosis?

A

Exudative dermatitis with formation of scabs and crusts

38
Q

What are the virulence factors in dermatophilosis?

A

Enzymes that increase permeability of epidermis

39
Q

What are the common characteristics of a scab caused by dermatophilosis?

A

Painless + Nonpuritic + Easily removed

40
Q

What age is it more common to see extensive lesions caused by dermatophilosis?

A

Young animals

41
Q

What occurs with extensive lesions from dermatophilosis?

A

Secondary bacterial infections

42
Q

What are the predisposing factors to getting dermatophilosis lesions?

A

Prolonged rain + Thorny shurbs + Arthropod bites

43
Q

What is the location of dermatophilosis lesions when they are caused by wet weather?

A

Dorsum and head

44
Q

What is the location of dermatophilosis lesions when they are caused by thorny shurbs?

A

Legs and Face

45
Q

What is the lesion progression when caused by dermatophilosis?

A

Papules – Exudate – Paintbrush lesions

46
Q

What treatment is recommended in mild dermatophilosis infections?

A

Grooming + isolation in dry quarters

47
Q

What treatment is recommended in severe causes of dermatophilosis infections?

A

parenteral AB’s

48
Q

What is a specific recommendation for dermatophiolsis infections in horses?

A

Topical treatment

49
Q

What are the basic characteristics of Nocardia?

A

Branching filaments that fragment into rods and cocci

partially acid-fast

50
Q

What is the oxygen preference of Nocardia?

A

Obligate aerobes

51
Q

What special structure do Nocardia have that allow them to be widespread in water and soil?

A

Sprophytes

52
Q

What are the routes of infection for Nocardia?

A

Trauma to skin + Teat canal + Inhalation + Ingestion

53
Q

Is Nocardia contagious?

54
Q

What is seen with Nocardia infections?

A

Supprating lesions with variable granulomatous features
LN often involved
Hematogenous dissemination may occur

55
Q

How does Nocardia survive in the body?

A

Survive + Grow in Phagocytes

56
Q

What allows Nocardia to grow in phagocytes?

A

Virulence factors - superoxidase dismutase + catalase

57
Q

What are the Nocardia disease patterns in ruminants?

A

Mastitis + Pneumonia + Abortion

58
Q

What are the Nocardia disease patterns in swine?

A

Pneumonia + Abortion + Lymphadenitis

59
Q

What are the Nocardia disease patterns in horses?

A

Pneumonia + Pleuritis + Systemic abscesses + Cutaneous-subcutaneous lesions + Abortion

60
Q

What are the Nocardia disease patterns in cats?

A

Cutaneous-subcutaneous abscesses

Pulmonary + disseminated forms

61
Q

What are the Nocardia disease patterns in dogs?

A

Pneumonia, pleuritis w/ empyma

Cutaneous-subcutaneous forms

62
Q

What is the presumptive method of diagnosing Nocardia?

A

Staining and finding filamentous - Gram+ - partially acid fast bacteria

63
Q

What is the definitive method for diagnosing Nocardia?

A

Antimicrobial susceptiability testing

PCR

64
Q

What treatment methods are used in Nocardia?

A

Debridement + drainage of lesions

Prolonged adminstration of trimethoprim-sulfomide

65
Q

What are the general characteristics of Corynebacterium?

A

Pleomorphic bacilli, non-spore forming

66
Q

What are the shapes that Corynebacterium can be found in?

A

Coccoid + Rod + Club-shaped

67
Q

What most commonly leads to infection of Corynebacterium?

A

Tissue trauma

68
Q

What is the most common species of corynebacterium that is seen in animal infections?

A

pseudotuberculosis

69
Q

What animal most commonly sees pseudotuberculosis infections?

A

Small ruminants

70
Q

Where does C. pseudotuberculosis survive in the body?

A

Phagocytes

71
Q

What are the steps in a C. pseudotuberculosis infection?

A

Multiplies at site + Spreads to draining lymph nodes

72
Q

What are the virulence factors found in C. Pseudotuberculosis?

A

PLD + Cell wall lipids

73
Q

What is commonly seen with a C. Pseudotuberculosis infection?

A

LN absecess

74
Q

What is the most common presentation of C. pseudotuberculosis seen in sheep and goat?

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

75
Q

What is the external form of CLA?

A

Abscesses on superficial LN + Skin + Subcutis

76
Q

What is the internal form of CLA?

A

Abscesses on internal organs + LN

77
Q

What animal is external form of CLA most common?

78
Q

Where are abscesses most commonly seen in goats?

A

Head and neck

79
Q

What animal is the internal form of CLA most common?

80
Q

What is seen with the internal form of CLA?

A

Weight loss + Ill thrift `

81
Q

What are the three forms of C. pseudotuberculosis in equine?

A

External + Internal + Ulcerative lymphangitis

82
Q

What is the external presentation of C. pseudoTB in horses?

A

Abscesses in pectoral region or along ventral midline of abdomen

83
Q

What is the internal presentation of C. pseudoTB in horses?

A

Liver + Kidney + Spleen + Lungs

Weight loss + fever + depression + Colic

84
Q

What does ulcerative lyphangitis due to C. pseudoTB look like in horses?

A

Severe limb swelling and cellulitis

Bacteriology (28 decks)

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