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Bacteriology > Lecture 3 - Cultivation of Bacteria > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Cultivation of Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five major environmental factors that affect bacterial growth?

A 
Temperature 
pH 
Oxygen 
Carbon Dioxide 
Water avalibility / Osmotic pressure
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2
Q

What are obligate growth factors?

A

These growth factors are restricted aka these conditions are a must for the bacteria to grow

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3
Q

What are Facultative growth factors?

A

These growth conditions have a little more give to them when it comes to conditions the bacteria will grow in

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4
Q

What most pathogenic bacteria when it comes to temperature?

A

Mesophiles

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5
Q

What conditions are optimal for mesophiles?

A

37 degrees C

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6
Q

What is special about 37 degrees C?

A

Body temp

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7
Q

What is the pH that is optimal for most bacteria?

A

6.5 to 7.5

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8
Q

What are most pathogenic bacteria when it comes to pH?

A

Neutrophiles

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9
Q

What are transport + culture media buffered at most of the time?

A

pH of 7.0

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10
Q

What are two factors that are taken into consideration when deciding if a bacteria can handle oxygen or not?

A

Do they grow in oxygen or not
– and –
Can they handle ROS

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11
Q

Describe obligate aerobes?

A

Oxygen require + ROS enzymes present

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12
Q

Describe microaerophiles.

A

Oxygen required at low levels + ROS enzymes present

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13
Q

Describe facultative anaerobes.

A

Oxygen not require but will growth if present + ROS enzymes present

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14
Q

Describe aerotolerant anaerobe.

A

No preference for oxygen + Some ROS enzymes

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15
Q

Describe obligate anaerobes.

A

Oxygen kills + NO ROZ enzymes

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16
Q

What methods are used to grow obligate anaerobes?

A

Anaerobic transport media
Reducing media
Anaerobic jars/bags/chambers

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17
Q

What are capnophiles?

A

Require 5 to 10% CO2 for optimal growth

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18
Q

What kind of bacteria tend to be capnophiles?

A

Microaerophiles

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19
Q

What methods are used to increase CO2 levels?

A

Candle jar
CO2 packet
CO2 incubator

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20
Q

What are halotolerant bacteria?

A

Bacteria do not need NaCl but can grow in higher concentrations

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21
Q

What does increased NaCl cause?

A

Increased osmotic pressure

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22
Q

What are halophiles?

A

Grow best under saline conditions

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23
Q

In regards to bacterial nutrition, what are most bacteria?

A

Chemoheterotrophs

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24
Q

What are chemoheterotrophs?

A

Bacteria that need organic compounds for energy and carbon

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25
What are fastidious bacteria?
Tend to need additional organic compounds on their media
26
What are growth factors?
Vitamins + AA's + Purines + Pyrimidines
27
Why are growth factors important?
Essential for growth because the bacteria is not able to synthesis these compounds themselves.
28
What are three common states of bacteriological media?
Liquid + Solid + Semi-Solid
29
What are liquid medias good for?
Growing large numbers of bacteria
30
What is the down side to using liquid media?
Cannot see if the sample has been contaminated and contains more than one species
31
What is a colony?
Population of cells arising from single cell or spore or from a group of cells that are from the same species/strain
32
What is the benefit of using solid media?
Good for pure cultures and estimating the number of viable bacteria
33
What is the reason for using semi-solid agars?
Determining motility Growing microaerophiles Transport media
34
What is important to remember about agar within a media?
It is a solidifying agent NOT A NUTRIENT
35
What are the two categories of chemical composition in regards to media?
Chemically defined + Complex media
36
What is chemically defined media?
Exact chemical composition is known | Made from pure reagents
37
What is the purpose of using chemically defined media?
Exact growth requirements for bacteria known | Experimental purpose
38
What are complex medias?
Some components are not known
39
What would be a reason to use a complex media?
Routine culture of most bacteria
40
What is a basal media?
Sustains growth of less fastidious bacteria
41
What are examples of basal media?
Nutrient agar or broth
42
What is an enriched media?
Basal media + more nutrients | Cultures of fastidious organisms
43
What are examples of enriched medias?
Blood agar + Chocolate agar
44
What are selective medias?
Reagents are added to inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria but allowing growth of bacteria of interest
45
What are examples of selective media?
MacConkey + Mannitol Salt
46
What is differential media?
Components are put in media that allow differentiation of closely related taxa based on appearance of media OR colonies
47
What are examples of differential media?
MacConkey + Mannitol Salt + Sheep Blood Agar
48
What are the three goals to preservation of bacteria?
Viability Purity Genetic stability
49
What are three ways to preserve bacteria?
Subculture of growing cells Snap-freeze Freeze-dry
50
What does subculturing growing cells entail?
Transfer cells to fresh medium, incubate, refridgerate, repeat
51
What is the downside to subculturing bacteria?
Contamination Labor intensive Mutations can occur
52
What is the down side to snap freezing?
Viability can be affected
53
Besides binary fission, what are three other examples of bacterial growth?
Budding + Fragmentation + Conidiospores
54
What is generation time?
Time for population to double
55
What is a normal generation time for bacteria?
1 to 3 hours
56
What are the four phases of bacterial growth?
Lag - Log - Stationary - Death
57
What is happening during the lag phase of the bacterial growth curve?
Bacteria is not growing but rather preparing to undergo division Duration determined by environmental factors
58
What is occurring during the log phase of bacterial growth?
Primary metabolites are being created | Cells are growing at a rapid rate
59
What is important to clinically known about the log phase of bacterial growth?
At this time bacteria is most susceptible to antibiotics and harsh environmental conditions
60
What is occurring during the stationary phase of bacterial growth curve?
Zero population growth Growth = Death Secondary metabolites produced
61
What is the most common method which bacteria use to replicate?
Binary fission

Bacteriology (28 decks)

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