Lecture 23 - Spirochete Flashcards
Leptospira: Gram
Negative
What is leptospira stained with?
Silver stain within the tissues
Why does fetal tissue and placenta need to be handled with care if lepto is thought to be the cause?
Zoonotic
Where can lepto be found in the environment?
Standing water
When is lepto most commonly found in the environment?
Late spring to late fall
Where are the two places that lepto is found in vivo?
renal tubules and genital tracts
What samples should be collected when lepto is suspected?
Blood +/- urine from dam
Fetal - liver, kidney, and spleen
Placenta
What is seen in a cow fetus of a cow infected with lepto?
Fetal autolysis + icteric
Icteric + Edematous placenta
What are non-infectious differentials for lepto?
Vit. + Mineral imbalances Plant toxins (pine needles, locoweed, broom weed)
What are infectious differentials for lepto?
Neospora cranium
BVDV
Brucella abortus
IBR
At what point of gestation does BVDV infection take place?
> 125 days
At what point of gestation does Lepto infection take place?
> 180 days
At what point of gestation does Brucella abortus take place?
> 210 days
At what point of gestation does IBR take place?
> 4 months
What are the two species of lepto?
Interrogans + Borgpetersenii
Which lepto species has serovars?
Interrogans
What are the serovars of interrogans?
Hardjo Grippotyphosa Canicola Icterohaemorrhagia Pomona Bratislava
Lepto maintenance host: Hardjo
Ruminants
Lepto maintenance host: Grippotyphosa
Rodents
Lepto maintenance host: Canicola
Dogs
Lepto maintenance host: Icterohaemorrhagica
Rodents
Lepto maintenance host: Pomona
Pigs + Cattle
Lepto maintenance host: Bratislava
Pigs + Equine
Lepto Incidental Host: Hardjo
Humans
Lepto Incidental Host: Grippotyphosa
Domestics
Lepto Incidental Host: Canicola
Pigs + Cattle
Lepto Incidental Host: Icterohaemorrhagia
Domestics
Lepto Incidental Host: Pomona
Equine + K9
Lepto Incidental Host: Bratislava
K9
What are the clinical signs in large animals in regards to lepto?
Primary - Reproductive
Secondary - Renal
What is thought to be caused by lepto in horses?
Moon blindness
What are the clinical signs of a lepto infection in small animals?
Primary - Renal
Secondary - Hepatic
Where does leptospira invade the tissues?
Mucous membranes
Where does leptospira tend to localize once in the body?
Urogential tract
What pathologies does leptrospira cause?
Plasma + Lymphocytic nephritis
Focal necrosis (hepatic + pulmonary)
Diffuse hemorrhage + thrombosis
What are the three ways that an organism can contract lepto?
Contaminated water
Direct contact with urine from shedding animal
Contact with fetal and placental tissues
What medications are used to treat lepto?
Tetracyclines (Oxytetrocycline + Doxycylcine)
1 to 2 weeks
What are the possible symptoms of lyme infection?
Intermittent, lamness
Progressive lethargy
Mild pain in rear coxofemoral joint upon palpitation
Renal + Neurological signs
What are non-infectious differentials for a possible lyme infection?
MPL
Spinal issues
Immune mediated polyarthirtis
What are infectious differentials for a possible lyme infection?
Valley fever
Blastomycosis
Ehrlichia
What test should be ran in this case?
Radiographs
CBC/Chem
Serology
UA
What ticks carry borrelia spp.?
Ixodes spp.
What is on the surface of borrelia spp. that allows it to survive so well?
Outer surface proteins
OspA + OspC
What does OspA do?
Allows borrelia to live in the ticks GI tract
What does OspC do?
Allows for host invasion
What Borrelia is most common in North America?
B. Burgdorferi
What Borrelia is most common in Europe?
B. afzelii
– and –
B. Garinii
What type of distribution is seen with Borrelia?
Peripherial
What is the treatment for Borrelia?
Tetracycline
