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Bacteriology > Lecture 23 - Spirochete > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - Spirochete Flashcards

1
Q

Leptospira: Gram

A

Negative

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2
Q

What is leptospira stained with?

A

Silver stain within the tissues

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3
Q

Why does fetal tissue and placenta need to be handled with care if lepto is thought to be the cause?

A

Zoonotic

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4
Q

Where can lepto be found in the environment?

A

Standing water

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5
Q

When is lepto most commonly found in the environment?

A

Late spring to late fall

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6
Q

Where are the two places that lepto is found in vivo?

A

renal tubules and genital tracts

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7
Q

What samples should be collected when lepto is suspected?

A

Blood +/- urine from dam
Fetal - liver, kidney, and spleen
Placenta

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8
Q

What is seen in a cow fetus of a cow infected with lepto?

A

Fetal autolysis + icteric

Icteric + Edematous placenta

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9
Q

What are non-infectious differentials for lepto?

A 
Vit. + Mineral imbalances 
Plant toxins (pine needles, locoweed, broom weed)
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10
Q

What are infectious differentials for lepto?

A

Neospora cranium
BVDV
Brucella abortus
IBR

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11
Q

At what point of gestation does BVDV infection take place?

A

> 125 days

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12
Q

At what point of gestation does Lepto infection take place?

A

> 180 days

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13
Q

At what point of gestation does Brucella abortus take place?

A

> 210 days

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14
Q

At what point of gestation does IBR take place?

A

> 4 months

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15
Q

What are the two species of lepto?

A

Interrogans + Borgpetersenii

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16
Q

Which lepto species has serovars?

A

Interrogans

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17
Q

What are the serovars of interrogans?

A 
Hardjo
Grippotyphosa 
Canicola 
Icterohaemorrhagia 
Pomona
Bratislava
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18
Q

Lepto maintenance host: Hardjo

A

Ruminants

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19
Q

Lepto maintenance host: Grippotyphosa

A

Rodents

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20
Q

Lepto maintenance host: Canicola

A

Dogs

21
Q

Lepto maintenance host: Icterohaemorrhagica

A

Rodents

22
Q

Lepto maintenance host: Pomona

A

Pigs + Cattle

23
Q

Lepto maintenance host: Bratislava

A

Pigs + Equine

24
Q

Lepto Incidental Host: Hardjo

A

Humans

25
Q

Lepto Incidental Host: Grippotyphosa

A

Domestics

26
Q

Lepto Incidental Host: Canicola

A

Pigs + Cattle

27
Q

Lepto Incidental Host: Icterohaemorrhagia

A

Domestics

28
Q

Lepto Incidental Host: Pomona

A

Equine + K9

29
Q

Lepto Incidental Host: Bratislava

A

K9

30
Q

What are the clinical signs in large animals in regards to lepto?

A

Primary - Reproductive

Secondary - Renal

31
Q

What is thought to be caused by lepto in horses?

A

Moon blindness

32
Q

What are the clinical signs of a lepto infection in small animals?

A

Primary - Renal

Secondary - Hepatic

33
Q

Where does leptospira invade the tissues?

A

Mucous membranes

34
Q

Where does leptospira tend to localize once in the body?

A

Urogential tract

35
Q

What pathologies does leptrospira cause?

A

Plasma + Lymphocytic nephritis
Focal necrosis (hepatic + pulmonary)
Diffuse hemorrhage + thrombosis

36
Q

What are the three ways that an organism can contract lepto?

A

Contaminated water
Direct contact with urine from shedding animal
Contact with fetal and placental tissues

37
Q

What medications are used to treat lepto?

A

Tetracyclines (Oxytetrocycline + Doxycylcine)

1 to 2 weeks

38
Q

What are the possible symptoms of lyme infection?

A

Intermittent, lamness
Progressive lethargy
Mild pain in rear coxofemoral joint upon palpitation
Renal + Neurological signs

39
Q

What are non-infectious differentials for a possible lyme infection?

A

MPL
Spinal issues
Immune mediated polyarthirtis

40
Q

What are infectious differentials for a possible lyme infection?

A

Valley fever
Blastomycosis
Ehrlichia

41
Q

What test should be ran in this case?

A

Radiographs
CBC/Chem
Serology
UA

42
Q

What ticks carry borrelia spp.?

A

Ixodes spp.

43
Q

What is on the surface of borrelia spp. that allows it to survive so well?

A

Outer surface proteins

OspA + OspC

44
Q

What does OspA do?

A

Allows borrelia to live in the ticks GI tract

45
Q

What does OspC do?

A

Allows for host invasion

46
Q

What Borrelia is most common in North America?

A

B. Burgdorferi

47
Q

What Borrelia is most common in Europe?

A

B. afzelii
– and –
B. Garinii

48
Q

What type of distribution is seen with Borrelia?

A

Peripherial

49
Q

What is the treatment for Borrelia?

A

Tetracycline

Bacteriology (28 decks)

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