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Bacteriology > Lecture 24 - Treponema, Actinobacillus, and PANSF > Flashcards

Lecture 24 - Treponema, Actinobacillus, and PANSF Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four treponema species of importance?

A

Paraluiscuniculi
Phagedenis
Vincentii
Denticola

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2
Q

What Treponema ssp. occurs in rabbits? How does it present?

A

Paraluiscuniculi = Vent disease

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3
Q

What Trepomnema causes lameness in cattle and sheep?

A

Phagedenis
Vincentii
Denticola

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4
Q

What type of bacteria is Treponema?

A

Spirochete

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5
Q

What is the pathology of bovine digital dermitis?

A

Interdigital inflammatory lesions

Proliferative dermatitis on bulbs of heels

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6
Q

When do you see bovine digital dermatitis the most?

A

First-calved heifers

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7
Q

What are the two forms of bovine digital dermatitis?

A

Erosive + Verrucose

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8
Q

What is the bovine digital dermatitis form in the US?

A

Verrucose

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9
Q

What is the bovine digital dermatitis from in the UK?

A

Erosive

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10
Q

What is the scoring system for bovine digital dermatitis?

A

M1 (mild) –> M4 Chronic

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11
Q

Term: M1

A

Early, small epithelial defects

Red to gray

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12
Q

Term: M2

A

Acute, active ulcerative lesion
White halo
Lesion has scab

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13
Q

Term: M3

A

Healing stage

1-2 days after topical therapy

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14
Q

Term: M4

A

Chronic stage, thicken epithelium
Scabbed or filamentous
Several cm in diameter

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15
Q

What is the pathology of ovine digital dermatitis?

A

Mildly virulent form of footrot
Seperation of hoof horn
Ulcerative lesions on coronary band

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16
Q

How do you tell Bovine and Ovine digital dermatitis apart?

A 
Bovine = interdigital lesions 
Ovine = Coronary band lesions
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17
Q

What other bacteria can be present with ovine dermatitis?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

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18
Q

How is vent disease diagnosed?

A

VDRL slide test

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19
Q

Why is it hard to diagnose treponema?

A

Multifactorial infections

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20
Q

What color does Treponema stain with FISH?

A

Yellow

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21
Q

What is the treatment for Bovine digital dermatitis?

A

oxytetracycline
No vaccines
Footbaths = Linco + erthryo + oxytetracycline

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22
Q

What is used to treat vent disease?

A

Penicillin

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23
Q

How is ovine contagious digital dermatitis treated?

A

No real treatment

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24
Q

What type of bacteria is actinobacillus?

A

Gram(-)

Coccobacilli

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25
Q

What are enzymatic properties of actinobacillus?

A

Ferment carbs (not lactose)
Urease +
Oxidase +

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26
Q

Where is actinobacillus normally found?

A

Mucous membranes

URT + Oral cavity

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27
Q

How long can actinobacillus make it in the environment?

A

Can’t host transmission is VITAL

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28
Q

What are the species of actinobacillus?

A 
Pleuropneumonia 
Equuli 
Suis 
Seminis 
Lingineresii
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29
Q

Animals: Pleuropneumonia

A

Pigs

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30
Q

Animals: Equuli

A

Horse + Pigs + Cattle

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31
Q

Animals: Suis

A

Pigs + Horses

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32
Q

Animals: Seminis

A

Sheep + Goat

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33
Q

What allows A. pleuropneumoniae to attach to epithelial cells?

A

LPS + Fimbria

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34
Q

Where does A. pleuropneumoniae like to survive in host?

A

Macrophages
– and –
Rapidosomes

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35
Q

What allows A. pleuropneumoniae from being phagostize?

A

Capsule

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36
Q

What are the four cytotoxins that A. pleuropneumonia contain?

A

APX I-IV

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37
Q

What do the Apx cytotoxins do?

A

Create pores in hosts cells
Release of inflammatory mediators
Call in neutrophils to infected pulmonary tissue

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38
Q

What happens to Neutrophils once they reach the pulmonary tissue in an A. Pleuropneumonia infection?

A

Damaged by toxins

Release lytic enzyme –> tissue damage

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39
Q

Where does A. Pleuropneumonia localize in pigs?

A

Colonize tonsils

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40
Q

What is seen with A. Pleuropneumonia infections in pigs?

A

Necrotizing fibrinohemorrhagic pneumonia
+ Pleuritis
+ Pericarditis

41
Q

What is a diagnostic key feature about Pneumonia caused by A. Pleuropneumonia?

A

Present in the dorsal, caudal portion of the lungs

42
Q

Disease name for A. lignieresii in cattle?

A

Wooden tongue

43
Q

What does A. lignieresii do to a cattles tongue?

A

Pyogranulomatous inflammation

44
Q

Where do lesions tend to occur on the tongue of a cattle infected with A. lignieresii?

A

Esophageal groove
– and –
Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

45
Q

What does A. Equuli cause in foals?

A

Sleepy foal disease

46
Q

What are seen in newborns with Sleepy foal disease?

A

Febrile + Recumbent
Lethargy
Milk-stained forehead
==> neonatal speticemia

47
Q

How long does it take A. Equuli to kill a foal?

A

1 to 2 days

48
Q

What treatment needs to occur with A. Equuli?

A

Immediate - IV fluids + Oxygen + Antibiotics

49
Q

What is seen grossly on a foal that has died of A. Equuli?

A

Petechiation

Pin-point suppurative foci on kidneys

50
Q

What happens with recovery from acute disease?

A 
Polyarthritis 
Nephritis 
Enteritis 
Pneumonia 
--- aka fucked for life
51
Q

What does Actinobacillus Suis do in pigs?

A

More invasive than pleuronomoniea

Septicemia + Meningitis + Enteritis + Metritis + Abortion

52
Q

What are the clinical signs of actinobacillus Suis?

A

Paddling of forelimbs
Respiratory distress
Prostration (splayed out on ground)

53
Q

What does A. semenis infect?

A

Rams

54
Q

What does A. semenis cause in Rams?

A

Epididymitis

55
Q

How do rams present with A. Semenis?

A

Abcesses in epididymides

Fistulae on scrotal skin + Purulent dischage

56
Q

Where is A. Semenis a commensal bacteria?

A

Prepuce

57
Q

Who is most commonly infected with A. Semenis?

A

Virgin Rams (4-8 months_

58
Q

Where in the world is A. Semenis most common?

A

New Zealand
Austrilia
South Africa

59
Q

What is a special diagnostic feature of Wooden Tongue?

A

Club-like spicules, sulfur-like granules

60
Q

What is the treatment for swine pleuropneumonia?

A

Prophylactic AB’s = limit severity + spread

61
Q

What is the treatment for wooden tongue?

A 
Limit grazing on rough pasture 
Sodium iodide parenterally 
-- or -- 
Potassium iodide orally 
AB's = Penicillin + Streptomycin
62
Q

What is the treatment for sleepy foal?

A

Blood transfusion + Additional colostrum

63
Q

Term: PANSF

A

Pathogenic Anaerobic Non-Spore Forming

64
Q

Where are PANSF’s found?

A

GI + Genital tracts

65
Q

What are PANSFs?

A

Fusobacterium + Prevotella + Dicelobacter + Porphyromonoas

66
Q

Clinical Presentation: Prevotella

A

Interdigital dermatitis

67
Q

Clinical Presentation: Dichelobacter

A

Footrot + Interdigital dermatitis

68
Q

Clinical Presentation: Porphyromonas

A

Foul-in-the-foot

69
Q

Clinical Presentation: Fusobacterium

A

Interdigital dermatitis + Heel abscess + Foul-in-the-foot + Footrot

70
Q

Specific Strain: Dichelobacter

A

Nodosus

71
Q

Specific Strain: Fusobacterium

A

Equinum + Necrophorum + Nucleatum + Russii

72
Q

Specific Strain: Porphyromonas

A

Asaccharolytica + Levii

73
Q

Specific Strain: Prevotella

A

Heparinolytica + Melaninogenica

74
Q

In what kind of environment do PANSF’s replicate?

A

Low or negative reduction potentials

75
Q

What do PANSF’s secrete to handle higher oxygen levels?

A

Superoxide dismutase

76
Q

What are the two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

Necrophorum + Funduliforme

77
Q

What are the three major virulence factors of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

Leukotoxin + LPS + Hemagluttins

78
Q

Term: Leukotoxin

A

Ruminant neutrophils are their highest affinity

79
Q

Term: LPS

A

Intense neutrophilia + hepatic abscess

80
Q

What is Fusobacterium necrophorum synergistic with?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

81
Q

What does FN do for DN?

A

Facilitates DN’s invasion

82
Q

What does DN do for FN?

A

Stimulates with growth factor

83
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Fusobacterium necrophorum?

A

Necrotic pharyngitis OR laryngitis

84
Q

How does F. Necrophorum get to invade the mucosa?

A

Coarse feed causes microabrasions

85
Q

What happens if a F. Necrophorum infection is left untreated?

A

Necrotizing pneumonia

86
Q

What symptoms are seen with F. Necrophorum infection?

A

Painful cough

Excessive salivation + respiratory distress + Foul breath

87
Q

How is Fusobacterium necrophorum treated?

A

AB’s: Potentiated sulphonamides or tetracycline

Pain: NSAID’s

88
Q

What are the disease that F. necrophorum cause?

A 
Black pox of teats 
Thrush 
Necrotic rhinitis 
Bovine liver abscess 
Calf diptheria
89
Q

When does F. Necrophorum cause bovine liver abscess?

A

Secondary to rumenitis

90
Q

Why does F. Necrophorum take over when rumenitis occurs?

A

Diet high in carbs
Rapid fermentation
Increase lactic acid
F. Necrophorum uses lactic acid to grow

91
Q

What does F. Necrophorum do in pigs?

A

Bull nose

92
Q

What are the signs of bull nose?

A

Foul smelling nasal discharge
Sneezing
Facial edema

93
Q

What is the pathology of bull nose?

A

Suppuration + Necrosis of snout

94
Q

When does F. Necrophorum cause thrush?

A

Secondary to hoof damage, commonly of hind feet

95
Q

What is the clinical presentation of thrush?

A

Foul-smelling discharge in sulci close to frog

96
Q

What is the treatment for thrush?

A

Dry, clean stabling
Aim for frog regeneration
Oxine soak

97
Q

What can occur with black spot due to F. Necrophorum ?

A

Stenosis of the spinchter

98
Q

What is a defining feature that sets PANSF from others?

A

FA production = Putrid odor

Bacteriology (28 decks)

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