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bacteriology > Lecture 10 - Staphylococcus > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Staphylococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Is staph gram + or -?

A

Positive

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2
Q

What type of arrangements does staph make?

A

Irregular

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3
Q

What the Catalase result for Staph?

A

Positive

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4
Q

What color are Staph colonies?

A

White to golden

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5
Q

What is the oxygen preference of MOST staph bacteria?

A

Facultative anerobes

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6
Q

What is the general characteristics of Staph?

A

Commensal, found on skin and mucous membranes

Opportunistics pathogens - pyogenic infectiosn

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7
Q

What color is S. Aureus on cows and humans?

A

Golden

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8
Q

How are the two different groups of Staph separated?

A

Coagulase + and -

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9
Q

What does coagulase correlate with?

A

Pathogenicity

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10
Q

What are the two methods for a coagulase test?

A

Test tube + Microscope slide

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11
Q

What is used in the coagulase test?

A

Rabbit plasma

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12
Q

What is the test tube coagulase test showing

A

Secreted enzyme

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13
Q

What is the microscope slide coagulase test showing?

A

Clumping factors

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14
Q

What are your CoPS staphs?

A

Aureus spp. Aureus
Pseudintermedius
Hyicus

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15
Q

What are your CoNS staphs?

A

Xylosus + Sciuri

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16
Q

What are the major pathogenic staphs?

A

Aureus + Hyicus + SIG

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17
Q

What are the three staphs within SIG?

A

Intermedius + Pseudintermedius + Delphini

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18
Q

What does it mean to be a major pathogenic staph?

A

Major cause of Mastitis

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19
Q

What are the main virulence factors on the surface of Staph?

A

Protein A + MSCRAMMS

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20
Q

What does Protein A in staph do?

A

Bings IgG by FC

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21
Q

What are MSCRAMMS?

A

Fibronectin + Collagen binding proteins

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22
Q

What two exoenzymes does staph have?

A

Coagulase + Urease

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23
Q

What does urease do?

A

Raises pH of urine

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24
Q

What happens symptomatically with urease?

A

Struvite crystals can form in kidneys and ureters

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25
Q

What are struvite crystals made out of?

A

Ammonium magnesium phosphate

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26
Q

What are the types of exotoxins found in staph?

A

Enterotoxins + TSST-1

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27
Q

What does urease do chemically?

A

Hydrolyze urea to ammonia + CO2

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28
Q

What are enterotoxins responsible for?

A

Diarrhea + Vomiting

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29
Q

What does S. aureus enterotoxin normally affect?

A

Goats, cattle, and sheep

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30
Q

What does S. pseudintermedius normally effect?

A

Dogs SEC

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31
Q

What type of activity does SE and TSST-1 might have?

A

Superantigen activity

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32
Q

What bacteria has urease?

A

S. Pseudintermedius

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33
Q

What are the two types of epidermolytic toxins?

A

Exforliative + Exforlative-like

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34
Q

What bacteria has Exfoliative toxins?

A

S. Aureus

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35
Q

What is the effect of the epidermolytic toxin in S. Aurues?

A

Bullous impetigo + scalded skin syndrome

Digests epidermal intercellular connections

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36
Q

What bacteria have exfoliative-like toxins?

A

S. hycius + S. pseudointermedius

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37
Q

What does the exfoliative-like toxin in S. hycius do?

A

Exudative epidermitis in pigs

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38
Q

What are hemolysins?

A

Membrane damaging toxins

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39
Q

What do hemolysins damage?

A

RBC + Platlets + Monocytes + LEU + Lipid membranes

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40
Q

What are the four types of hemolysins?

A

Alpha + Beta + Gamma + Delta

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41
Q

What do alpha toxins do?

A

Complete lysis - beta-hemolysis

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42
Q

What do beta-toxins do?

A

Damage membrane rich in lipids

Imcomplete RBC lysis

43
Q

Does beta-toxin cause alpha hemolysis?

A

NO

44
Q

What is another name for gamma toxin?

A

Leukotoxin

45
Q

What do gamma toxins do?

A

Damage leukocytes and lipid membranes

46
Q

Which staph is most commonly the cause of mastitis in cattle?

A

S. Aureus

47
Q

What does S. aureus colonize in the cattle?

A

Teat skin + canal

48
Q

Where is the main source of infection in mastitis of cattle with S. Aureus?

A

Udder

49
Q

What is the most common progression of S. Aureus infection in cattle?

A

Chronic sublcinical

50
Q

What occurs in a chronic subclinical infection of S. Aureus in cattle?

A

Gradual damage to udder and drop in milk yield

51
Q

What is normally recommended with a chronic subclinical infection with S. Aureus in cattle?

A

Culling

52
Q

Why is a chronic subclinical infection of S. Aureus hard to treat?

A

Fibrosis + Microabscesses

53
Q

Is a S. aureus mastitis environmental or contagious?

A

Contagious

54
Q

When does acute or peracute infections of S. Aureus tend to occur in cattle?

A

Early lactation

55
Q

How does an acute or peracture infection of S. Aureus present in cattle?

A

Acute swelling of udder quarter

Milk in abnormal with thick clots and pus

56
Q

When is gangrene possible with a S. Aureus infection in cattle?

A

Peracute

57
Q

What is peracute?

A

Very acute, sudden onset, short course, and violent

58
Q

What is the vaccine in cattle that can be used for S. Aureus

A

Lysigin - multivalent, whole-cell lysate, bacterin

59
Q

When is the S. Aureus vaccine most effectively used?

A

Healthy young heifers

60
Q

What are the effects of the S. Aureus vaccine?

A

Does not prevent infection just makes it easier to handle

No effect on SCC

61
Q

What disease is seen in poultry with S. Aureus?

A

Bumblefoot

62
Q

What is bumblefoot?

A

Pododermitis, localized lesion on foot

Due to penetration of FB with secondary infection

63
Q

What symptoms can be seen with S. Aureus in poultry?

A

Dermatitis + Bacteremia + Osteomyelitis + Arthritis + Synovitis

64
Q

What other syndromes can occur with S. Aureus, besides bumblefoot?

A

Battery blister + Broilers

65
Q

What is battery blister?

A

Abrasive condition

Skin lesions on wing tips + pelvic region

66
Q

Why can S. Aureus easily infect hatchlings?

A

Open navels + immature immune systems

67
Q

What does S. Aureus cause in older birds?

A

Septicemia or Death
Multiple body sites of inflammation
Tenozynovitis + Osteomyelitis + Endocarditis + Gruamlomata

68
Q

What is broilers?

A

Leg weakness via chondronecrosis + osteomyelitits

69
Q

What syndrome is caused by S. Aureus in rabbits?

A

Blue Breast

70
Q

What is Blue Breat?

A

Mastitis in rabbits, blue appearance due to lack of blood flow

71
Q

What occurs with S. Aureus infections in older rabbits?

A

SQ abscesses + Conjuncitivitis

72
Q

What is seen with S. Aureus infections in newborns?

A

Hairless - exudative dermatitis, with high mortality

73
Q

What is botryomycosis?

A

Chronic suppurative granulomatous condition

74
Q

What are botryomycosis lesions composed of?

A

Mass of fibrous tissue

Foci of pus + sinus tracts

75
Q

What causes the mass of fibrous tissue in botryomycosis?

A

Coagulase + Immune response

76
Q

What disease does S. hyicus cause in pigs?

A

Greasy Pig Disease

77
Q

What is greasy pig disease?

A

Exudative epidermitis

78
Q

What is the initial presentation of GPD?

A

Yellowish-brown crust on face and ears

79
Q

What does GPD progress to?

A

Skin greasy, covered in dark brown coating

80
Q

Why in GPD is exudates sometimes increasing?

A

Increased activity of sebaceous glands

81
Q

Where are erosions in GPD common?

A

Snout + Foot pads

82
Q

Why does death mostly commonly occur in GPD?

A

Severe dehydration

83
Q

How is GPD treated?

A

Early systemic AB’s + topical antiseptic or AB

84
Q

How can GPD be controlled?

A

Strict isolation of affected pig
Cleaning/Disinfection
Wash sows with antiseptic before farrowing

85
Q

Who does S. pseudintermedius most commonly infect, dogs or cats?

A

Dogs

86
Q

What is the most common symptom of S. pseudintermedius?

A

Pyoderma w/ alopacia

87
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Small, reddened lesions, hair follicles infected

88
Q

What is furuncles?

A

boils, large hemorrhagic bullaE

89
Q

What are the three types of pseudintermesius that are considered most important?

A

Shleiferi ssp. coagulans
Shleiferi ssp. shleiferi
Felis

90
Q

What are S. Shleiferi ssp coagulans most common symptoms?

A

Pyoderma + Otitis externa

91
Q

What are S. Shleiferi ssp. sheiferis most common symptoms?

A

Pyoderma

92
Q

What is S. felis responisble for?

A

UTI in cats

93
Q

What are the CoPS pseudintermedius?

A

Shleiferi spp coagulans

94
Q

What are the CoNS pseudintermedius?

A

Shleiferi spp. Shleiferi

Felis

95
Q

How can staph be diagnosed via direct microscopy?

A

Neutrophils containing gram+ Staph

96
Q

What three media should be used to culture staph?

A

Blood Agar (sheep) + MacConkey
Mannitol Salt Agar
Purple agar

97
Q

What is purple agar used with Staph?

A

Differentiate amoung staph

98
Q

Why is Mannitol salt agar used to culture staph?

A

see contaminated samples

99
Q

Why is MacConkey used for Staph isolation?

A

Selective for gram-negative, shows you what else might be occurring

100
Q

What AB’s are recommended for Staph treatment?

A

First gen cephalosporins
B-lactamase resistant penicillins
Aminoglycosides

101
Q

What are the examples of aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin + Tobramycin

102
Q

What two topical treatments are recommended with Staph?

A

Mupirocin + Fusicdic acid

103
Q

What does mupirocin do?

A

Binds to tRNA synthetase

104
Q

What does fusidic acid do?

A

Target EF, no more translation

bacteriology (28 decks)

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