Lecture 10 - Staphylococcus Flashcards
1
Q
Is staph gram + or -?
A
Positive
2
Q
What type of arrangements does staph make?
A
Irregular
3
Q
What the Catalase result for Staph?
A
Positive
4
Q
What color are Staph colonies?
A
White to golden
5
Q
What is the oxygen preference of MOST staph bacteria?
A
Facultative anerobes
6
Q
What is the general characteristics of Staph?
A
Commensal, found on skin and mucous membranes
Opportunistics pathogens - pyogenic infectiosn
7
Q
What color is S. Aureus on cows and humans?
A
Golden
8
Q
How are the two different groups of Staph separated?
A
Coagulase + and -
9
Q
What does coagulase correlate with?
A
Pathogenicity
10
Q
What are the two methods for a coagulase test?
A
Test tube + Microscope slide
11
Q
What is used in the coagulase test?
A
Rabbit plasma
12
Q
What is the test tube coagulase test showing
A
Secreted enzyme
13
Q
What is the microscope slide coagulase test showing?
A
Clumping factors
14
Q
What are your CoPS staphs?
A
Aureus spp. Aureus
Pseudintermedius
Hyicus
15
Q
What are your CoNS staphs?
A
Xylosus + Sciuri
16
Q
What are the major pathogenic staphs?
A
Aureus + Hyicus + SIG
17
Q
What are the three staphs within SIG?
A
Intermedius + Pseudintermedius + Delphini
18
Q
What does it mean to be a major pathogenic staph?
A
Major cause of Mastitis
19
Q
What are the main virulence factors on the surface of Staph?
A
Protein A + MSCRAMMS
20
Q
What does Protein A in staph do?
A
Bings IgG by FC
21
Q
What are MSCRAMMS?
A
Fibronectin + Collagen binding proteins
22
Q
What two exoenzymes does staph have?
A
Coagulase + Urease
23
Q
What does urease do?
A
Raises pH of urine
24
Q
What happens symptomatically with urease?
A
Struvite crystals can form in kidneys and ureters
25
What are struvite crystals made out of?
Ammonium magnesium phosphate
26
What are the types of exotoxins found in staph?
Enterotoxins + TSST-1
27
What does urease do chemically?
Hydrolyze urea to ammonia + CO2
28
What are enterotoxins responsible for?
Diarrhea + Vomiting
29
What does S. aureus enterotoxin normally affect?
Goats, cattle, and sheep
30
What does S. pseudintermedius normally effect?
Dogs SEC
31
What type of activity does SE and TSST-1 might have?
Superantigen activity
32
What bacteria has urease?
S. Pseudintermedius
33
What are the two types of epidermolytic toxins?
Exforliative + Exforlative-like
34
What bacteria has Exfoliative toxins?
S. Aureus
35
What is the effect of the epidermolytic toxin in S. Aurues?
Bullous impetigo + scalded skin syndrome
| Digests epidermal intercellular connections
36
What bacteria have exfoliative-like toxins?
S. hycius + S. pseudointermedius
37
What does the exfoliative-like toxin in S. hycius do?
Exudative epidermitis in pigs
38
What are hemolysins?
Membrane damaging toxins
39
What do hemolysins damage?
RBC + Platlets + Monocytes + LEU + Lipid membranes
40
What are the four types of hemolysins?
Alpha + Beta + Gamma + Delta
41
What do alpha toxins do?
Complete lysis - beta-hemolysis
42
What do beta-toxins do?
Damage membrane rich in lipids
| Imcomplete RBC lysis
43
Does beta-toxin cause alpha hemolysis?
NO
44
What is another name for gamma toxin?
Leukotoxin
45
What do gamma toxins do?
Damage leukocytes and lipid membranes
46
Which staph is most commonly the cause of mastitis in cattle?
S. Aureus
47
What does S. aureus colonize in the cattle?
Teat skin + canal
48
Where is the main source of infection in mastitis of cattle with S. Aureus?
Udder
49
What is the most common progression of S. Aureus infection in cattle?
Chronic sublcinical
50
What occurs in a chronic subclinical infection of S. Aureus in cattle?
Gradual damage to udder and drop in milk yield
51
What is normally recommended with a chronic subclinical infection with S. Aureus in cattle?
Culling
52
Why is a chronic subclinical infection of S. Aureus hard to treat?
Fibrosis + Microabscesses
53
Is a S. aureus mastitis environmental or contagious?
Contagious
54
When does acute or peracute infections of S. Aureus tend to occur in cattle?
Early lactation
55
How does an acute or peracture infection of S. Aureus present in cattle?
Acute swelling of udder quarter
| Milk in abnormal with thick clots and pus
56
When is gangrene possible with a S. Aureus infection in cattle?
Peracute
57
What is peracute?
Very acute, sudden onset, short course, and violent
58
What is the vaccine in cattle that can be used for S. Aureus
Lysigin - multivalent, whole-cell lysate, bacterin
59
When is the S. Aureus vaccine most effectively used?
Healthy young heifers
60
What are the effects of the S. Aureus vaccine?
Does not prevent infection just makes it easier to handle
| No effect on SCC
61
What disease is seen in poultry with S. Aureus?
Bumblefoot
62
What is bumblefoot?
Pododermitis, localized lesion on foot
| Due to penetration of FB with secondary infection
63
What symptoms can be seen with S. Aureus in poultry?
Dermatitis + Bacteremia + Osteomyelitis + Arthritis + Synovitis
64
What other syndromes can occur with S. Aureus, besides bumblefoot?
Battery blister + Broilers
65
What is battery blister?
Abrasive condition
| Skin lesions on wing tips + pelvic region
66
Why can S. Aureus easily infect hatchlings?
Open navels + immature immune systems
67
What does S. Aureus cause in older birds?
Septicemia or Death
Multiple body sites of inflammation
Tenozynovitis + Osteomyelitis + Endocarditis + Gruamlomata
68
What is broilers?
Leg weakness via chondronecrosis + osteomyelitits
69
What syndrome is caused by S. Aureus in rabbits?
Blue Breast
70
What is Blue Breat?
Mastitis in rabbits, blue appearance due to lack of blood flow
71
What occurs with S. Aureus infections in older rabbits?
SQ abscesses + Conjuncitivitis
72
What is seen with S. Aureus infections in newborns?
Hairless - exudative dermatitis, with high mortality
73
What is botryomycosis?
Chronic suppurative granulomatous condition
74
What are botryomycosis lesions composed of?
Mass of fibrous tissue
| Foci of pus + sinus tracts
75
What causes the mass of fibrous tissue in botryomycosis?
Coagulase + Immune response
76
What disease does S. hyicus cause in pigs?
Greasy Pig Disease
77
What is greasy pig disease?
Exudative epidermitis
78
What is the initial presentation of GPD?
Yellowish-brown crust on face and ears
79
What does GPD progress to?
Skin greasy, covered in dark brown coating
80
Why in GPD is exudates sometimes increasing?
Increased activity of sebaceous glands
81
Where are erosions in GPD common?
Snout + Foot pads
82
Why does death mostly commonly occur in GPD?
Severe dehydration
83
How is GPD treated?
Early systemic AB's + topical antiseptic or AB
84
How can GPD be controlled?
Strict isolation of affected pig
Cleaning/Disinfection
Wash sows with antiseptic before farrowing
85
Who does S. pseudintermedius most commonly infect, dogs or cats?
Dogs
86
What is the most common symptom of S. pseudintermedius?
Pyoderma w/ alopacia
87
What is folliculitis?
Small, reddened lesions, hair follicles infected
88
What is furuncles?
boils, large hemorrhagic bullaE
89
What are the three types of pseudintermesius that are considered most important?
Shleiferi ssp. coagulans
Shleiferi ssp. shleiferi
Felis
90
What are S. Shleiferi ssp coagulans most common symptoms?
Pyoderma + Otitis externa
91
What are S. Shleiferi ssp. sheiferis most common symptoms?
Pyoderma
92
What is S. felis responisble for?
UTI in cats
93
What are the CoPS pseudintermedius?
Shleiferi spp coagulans
94
What are the CoNS pseudintermedius?
Shleiferi spp. Shleiferi
| Felis
95
How can staph be diagnosed via direct microscopy?
Neutrophils containing gram+ Staph
96
What three media should be used to culture staph?
Blood Agar (sheep) + MacConkey
Mannitol Salt Agar
Purple agar
97
What is purple agar used with Staph?
Differentiate amoung staph
98
Why is Mannitol salt agar used to culture staph?
see contaminated samples
99
Why is MacConkey used for Staph isolation?
Selective for gram-negative, shows you what else might be occurring
100
What AB's are recommended for Staph treatment?
First gen cephalosporins
B-lactamase resistant penicillins
Aminoglycosides
101
What are the examples of aminoglycosides?
Gentamicin + Tobramycin
102
What two topical treatments are recommended with Staph?
Mupirocin + Fusicdic acid
103
What does mupirocin do?
Binds to tRNA synthetase
104
What does fusidic acid do?
Target EF, no more translation
