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Bacteriology > Lecture 21 - Yersinia, Burkholderia, and Francisella > Flashcards

Lecture 21 - Yersinia, Burkholderia, and Francisella Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two yersinia species that are most important to us?

A

Pseudotuberculosis + Pestis

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2
Q

What are the two Burkholderia species that are most important to us?

A

Mallie + Pseudomallei

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3
Q

What is the Francisella species most important to us?

A

Tularensis

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4
Q

What are the three stains used to ID Yersinia pestis?

A

Wayson + Wrights + Giemsa

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5
Q

What is a morphological characteristic of Y. Pestis?

A

Bipolar staining = Safety pin appearance

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6
Q

Y. Pestis: Motility

A

No

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7
Q

What does the Y. pesitis capusle contain?

A

F1 antigenic protein

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8
Q

Where vectors carry Y. Pesitis?

A

Fleas

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9
Q

What type of pathogen is Y. Pesitis? (growth location)

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen

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10
Q

Where can you find Y. pestis in the US?

A

AZ - CA - CO - NM - UT

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11
Q

What are the two flea types that carry Y. Pestis?

A

Xenopsylla + Oropsylla

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12
Q

What flea is the most efficent at transmitting Y. Pestis?

A

Xenopsylla

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13
Q

What flea is most important in the transmission of Y. Pestits?

A

Oropsyllla

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14
Q

What does Y. pestitis cause in cats?

A

Pneumonic plague

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15
Q

What is the common mode of transmission in cats contraction Y. Pestis

A

Aerosol droplets

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16
Q

What symptoms do you see in cats infected with the plague?

A

Septic - Buboes - Anorexia

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17
Q

What is a differential diagnosis with Y. Pestis?

A

Tularemia

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18
Q

What type of host are humans to Y. Pestis?

A

Accidental

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19
Q

What are the animal reservoirs for Y. Pestis?

A

Rodent
Feral mammals
Domestic cats
Less so - Coyotes + Wolves

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20
Q

What is the infectious dose for Y. Pestis?

A

1 to 10 bacteria

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21
Q

What is a special plasmid that is found in Y. Pestis?

A

Plasminogen-activating protease

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22
Q

What decides how the Plasmid in Y. Pestis acts?

A

Temperature

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23
Q

What are the two activity types caused by the plasmid in Y. pestis?

A

Coagulase + Fibrinolytic

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24
Q

What temperature is Coagulase activity active in Y. pestis? What purpose does it provide?

A

20 to 25 degrees C

Blocks flea foregut

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25
Q

What temperature is Fibrinolytic activity active in Y. pestis? What purpose does it provide?

A

35 to 37 degrees C

Microbe dissemination

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26
Q

What does the F1 protein form in Y. pestis?

A

Gel-like capsule

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27
Q

At what temperatures is the F1 proteins most active?

A

30 to 37 degrees C

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28
Q

What does the F1 protein promote in Y. pestis?

A

Antiphagocytic capsule

Allows persistence and multiplication

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29
Q

What is Yops?

A

Yersinia outer membrane proteins

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30
Q

What does Yops do?

A

Destuctive enzymatic activity to host cells

Distrupt cellular function

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31
Q

How is yops delivered to the host cell?

A

T3SS

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32
Q

In what way does yops disrupt cellular function?

A

Signaling pathways
Destroys cytoskeleton structure
Inhibit cytokine production
Triggers apoptosis

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33
Q

Y. Pestis: result of plasminogen activating protease

A

Destruction of host cell

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34
Q

Y. Pestis: result of delaying F1 capsule production

A

Macrophages take up cells

Transport to lymph nodes –> Bubo formation

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35
Q

Y. Pestis: results of F1 capsule formation

A

No phagocytosis
Septicemia - disseminate
PNEUMONIC PLAGUE

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36
Q

What does LPS from Y. Pestis cause?

A

Hemorrhage + Vascular collapse + DIC + Focal necrosis

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37
Q

What is the common exposure that occurs with dogs and cats to Y. Pestis?

A

Mucous membrane contact

Secretions and tissues from infected rabbit or rodent

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38
Q

What are the three forms of Y. pestis seen in dogs and cats?

A

Bubonic - Septicemic - Pneumonic

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39
Q

What causes Secondary Septicemic Plague?

A

Bacteria travels from lymph node in blood
Several organs infected
Buboes may not be present

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40
Q

What causes pneumonic plaque?

A

Inadequately treated septicemic plaque

Aerosolized droplets

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41
Q

What is seen in cats with bubonic plague?

A

Fever + Anorexia + Lethargy

Enlarge lymph nodes +/- drainage

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42
Q

What is seen in cats with septicemic plague?

A

No lymphadenopathy
Fever + Anorexia + Lethargy
Septic signs = Diarrhea + vomiting + tachycardia + DIC + respiratory distress

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43
Q

What is seen in cats with pneumonic plague?

A

Septic signs

Cough + Abnormal lung sounds

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44
Q

What is seen in a necropsy of a cat with pneumonic plague?

A

Liver - pale with nodules

Lungs - pneumonia + hemorrhages + necrotic foci

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45
Q

What animals generally show no signs of Y. Pestis infection?

A

Cattle + Horses + Sheep + Pigs

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46
Q

What animals, besides cats, show clinical symptoms of Y. Pestis?

A

Goats + Camels + Mule deer

Dogs - less likely

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47
Q

What stains are used to diagnose Y. Pestis?

A

Lillie-Twort stain + Immunoalkaline phosphatase technique

Immunofluorescence stain for capsule

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48
Q

Who needs to be notified about a Y. Pestis infection?

A

Rodent control
Public health
WHO

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49
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Y. Enterocolitica + Pseudotuberculosis?

A

Mesenteric lymphadenitis
Terminal ileitis
Acute gastroenteritis
Septicemia

50
Q

What does Y. Pseudotuberculosis infect?

A

Birds + Rodents

51
Q

What does Y. enterocolitica infect?

A

Domestic animals + Primates

52
Q

What is the general pathology of tularemia?

A

Bacteria Septicemia

53
Q

What animals does Tuaremia infect that makes it stand out from others we have talked about?

A

Reptiles + Fish

54
Q

Francisella Tularensis: Gram

A

Negative

55
Q

Francisella Tularensis: Spores

A

Non-spore forming

56
Q

Francisella Tularensis: Morphology

A

Coccobacillus

57
Q

What are the two types of Francisella Tularensis?

A

A and B

58
Q

Where is Francisella Tularensis type A found?

A

North America - subtype 1 and 2

59
Q

Where is Francisella Tularensis type B found?

A

North America + Eurasia

60
Q

What is Type B Francisella Tularensis associated with?

A

Aquatic animals

61
Q

what is the vector for Francisella Tularensis?

A

Arthropods

62
Q

What is the primary host for F. Tularensis?

A

Sheep

63
Q

What animal has an increased risk of F. Tularensis infection?

A

Cats due to predatory behavior

64
Q

What animals is resistant to F. Tularensis?

A

Cattle

65
Q

Where is F. Tularensis most often reported in the US?

A

Southcentral + West

66
Q

What states are F. Tularensis most commonly found?

A

Montana + Missouri + Oklahoma + S. Dakota

67
Q

What are the methods of F. Tularensis transmission?

A

Aerosol + direct contact + ingestion + arthropods

68
Q

What are the north american ticks that are carriers of F. Tularensis?

A

Wood + Lone star + Dog

69
Q

Scientific name: Wood

A

Dermacentor andersoni

70
Q

Scientific name: Lone Star

A

Amblyomma americanum

71
Q

Scientific name: Dog

A

Derrmacentor variabilis

72
Q

Scientific name: Deer fly

A

Chrysops discalis

73
Q

What is the incubation time for F. Tularensis?

A

1 to 10 days

74
Q

What are the signs seen in most mammals infected with F. Tularensis?

A

Septicemic disease

75
Q

What lesions are found on animals infected with F. Tularensis?

A

Miliary
White/Off-white necrosis of the liver
Enlargement of spleen + liver + lung + LN

76
Q

What symptoms if seen make Tularemia a high possibility in cats?

A

Acute lymphadenopathy
Malaise
Oral ulcers
Recent ingestion of prey

77
Q

What agar should Tularemia be grown on?

A

Chocolate

78
Q

What is the treatment for Tularemia?

A

Gentamicin + Chloramphenicol + Tetracycline

79
Q

Why is there a prolonged treatment time with tularemia?

A

Intracellular pathogens

80
Q

Why is tularemia difficult to control?

A

Tick infestation hard to control

No vet vaccine

81
Q

What causes Glander’s disease?

A

Burkholderia Mallei

82
Q

Where is B. Mallei found?

A

URT + Lungs + Skin

83
Q

What is found in the organs where B. Mallei infects?

A

Ulcerating nodules

84
Q

What occurs in people infected with B. Mallei?

A

Septicemia

85
Q

B. Mallei: Gram

A

Negative

86
Q

How does B. Mallei resist dessication?

A

Polysacchride capsule

87
Q

What is B. Mallei susceptible to?

A

Heat + Light + Disinfectant

88
Q

What secretion types is B. Mallei found?

A

Nasal exudates + Discharges in ulcerated skin

89
Q

How can B. Mallei be contracted?

A

Ingestion of containated foods/water

Ingestion of meal from infected horses

90
Q

What is the incubation time for B. Mallei?

A

3 days to 2 weeks

91
Q

What is seen with an acute B. Mallei infection?

A

Septicemia - HIGH fever
Weight loss
Thick mucopurulent nasal discharge + respiratory signs

92
Q

What is the temperature of an animal that has Glanders?

A

106F

93
Q

What animals is a chronic glanders infection most common in?

A

Horses

94
Q

What is seen with chronic glanders infection?

A

Ulcerative lesions of skins + Internal nares

95
Q

What are the three clinical manifestation types seen in glanders infections?

A

Nasal + pulmonary + cutaneous

96
Q

What is seen in the nasal form of glanders?

A

Nodules in mucosa of nasal septum + lower parts of septum

Deep ulcers w/ raised irrgeular borders

97
Q

What is left in nasal ulcers from glanders heal?

A

Star-shaped cicatrices

98
Q

What is seen in pulmonary form of glanders?

A

Small tubercle-like nodules in lungs
With caseous or calcified centers
Consolidation of lung tissue in pneumonia

99
Q

What is another name for the cutaneous form of glanders?

A

Farcy

100
Q

What is seen in the cutaneous form of glanders?

A

Sticky pus + Nodules

Nodules on liver and spleen

101
Q

What does melioidosis cause?

A

Pseudoglanders

Whitemore Disease

102
Q

What is meliodosis?

A

Mixed purlent + granulomatous response

Suppurative or Caseous lesions

103
Q

B. Pseudomallei: Morphology

A

Oval bacillus

104
Q

B. Pseudomallei: Motility

A

Motile

105
Q

B. Pseudomallei: oxygen requirements

A

Facultative anaerobe

106
Q

B. Pseudomallei: Staining

A

Biopolar safety pin

107
Q

B. Pseudomallei: Geographical distribution

A

20N and 20S - tropical + subtropical

108
Q

What do B. Pseudomallei outbreaks coincide with?

A

Heavy rainfall + flooding

109
Q

What animals are commonly infected by B. Pseudomallei?

A

Sheep + Goat + Pigs + Lab animals

110
Q

What is the incubation period for B. Pseudomallei?

A

Days to Years

111
Q

How is B. Pseudomallei able to remain dormant?

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen

112
Q

What are common organs affected by B. Pseudomallei?

A

Lungs + Liver + Spleen + Lymph nodes

113
Q

Meliodosis signs: Goats

A

Mastitis

CNS disease

114
Q

Meliodosis signs: Sheep

A

Respiratory w/ fever + coughing + distress + Muco-purulent nasal/ocular discharge

115
Q

Meliodosis signs: Cattle, horse, sheep

A

CNS disease: Circling + Nystagmus + Blindness

116
Q

Meliodosis signs: Pigs

A

Asymptomatic

Lesion on spleen

117
Q

Meliodosis signs: Dogs

A

Acute + Subacute + Chronic

Skin lesions to septicemia

118
Q

What do abscesses caused by melioidosis look like?

A

Thick, greenish/yellow to white material

Organs: Lungs spleen, Lymph nodes, liver, subQ

119
Q

What type of media is used to grow B. Pseudomallei

A

Ashdown’s

120
Q

What do B. Pseudomallei colonies look like?

A

Cornflower red colonies

121
Q

What AB’s are used for B. Pseudomallei?

A

Cephalosporins + Carbepenems

Bacteriology (28 decks)

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