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Bacteriology > Lecture 26 - Mycoplasm > Flashcards

Lecture 26 - Mycoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

What class does mycoplasma belong to?

A

Molicutes

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2
Q

What other bacteria belong to the mollicutes?

A

Ureaplasma + Acholeplasma

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3
Q

Where do mycoplasma + ureaplasma tend to be located?

A

Respiratory + Urogenital + Articular surfaces + Mammary gland

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4
Q

What special bacterial type is seen in the mycoplasmas?

A

Hemotropic mycoplasma

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5
Q

Term: Hemotropic mycoplasma

A

Parasitizes RBC’s

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6
Q

What makes Mollicutes the smallest prokaryotic cell?

A

Can self replicate

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the Mollicutes general structure?

A

No cell wall - peptidoglycan

Triple layered membrane

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8
Q

What stains are used with Mollicutes?

A

Romanowsky

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9
Q

What are the three romanoswky stains?

A

Giemsa + Wright + Leishman

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10
Q

What are the cell types seen with Mollicutes?

A

Cocci + Spirals + Filaments + Rings

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11
Q

What is the oxygen requirements of Mollicutes?

A

Facultative anaerobes + Microaerophiles

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12
Q

What virulence factors do mollicutes tend to have?

A 
Antigenic + Phase variation 
Biofilm 
H2O2
Adhesins 
Capsule
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13
Q

What does the H2O2 produced by the mollicutes do?

A

Ciliotoxic + Hemolytic

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14
Q

Where should samples be taken if one suspects a mollicutes infection?

A

Mucosa + Tracheal exudate + Aspirate

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15
Q

What transport medium should Mollicutes be transported in?

A

Amies medium without charcoal
– or –
Stuarts medium

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16
Q

What can Mollicutes be grown on?

A

PPLO

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17
Q

What needs to be added when you are trying to grow Mollicutes?

A

Ampicillin, Mollicutes is so slow growing want to prevent other things from taking over

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18
Q

What should the medium composition be for Mollicutes growth?

A

Isotonic + Cholesterol + Growth factors

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19
Q

Differentiation: Mycoplasma

A

Digitonin sensitive

Urease negative

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20
Q

Differentiation: Ureaplasma

A

Digitonin sensitive

Urease positive

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21
Q

Differentiation: Acholeplasma

A

Digitonin resistant o

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22
Q

What are the Mycoplasmas we care about?

A 
Mycoides ssp. Mycoides 
Bovis 
Bovigenitalum 
Bovoculi 
Hyopneumoniae 
Hyorhinis 
Hyosynoviae 
Gallisepticum 
Synoviae 
Meleagridis 
Haemofelis
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23
Q

What does M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides cause?

A

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

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24
Q

Where is M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides endemic to?

A

Africa + Middle east + Asia

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25
Q

Transmission: M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides

A

Aerosols

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26
Q

When do you begin to see clinical signs of a M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides infection?

A

3 weeks

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27
Q

When do you reach peak morbidity in a M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides infection?

A

7 to 8 months, very slow

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28
Q

What is seen in calves with M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides ?

A

Arthritis + Synovitis + Endocarditis

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29
Q

How long does it normally take death to occur with M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides infections?

A

1 to 3 weeks

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30
Q

What characteristic stance do you see in a cattle that is infected with M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides ?

A

Head + Neck extended

Elbows abducted

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31
Q

What are the clinical signs seen with a M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides infection?

A

Sudden onset high fever
Anorexia
Depression
Drop in milk yield

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32
Q

What does M. Bovis cause in cattle?

A

Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia

Bovine mastitis

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33
Q

Where does M. Bovis tend to target in the lung?

A

Crainoventral lobes

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34
Q

What is M. Bovis enhanced by?

A 
Pasturella multocida 
Mannhemia Hemolytica 
Histophilus somni
Arcanobacterium pyogenes 
MVDV
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35
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat M. Bovis?

A

Tulathromycin + Gamithromycin

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36
Q

What is used to treat the herd prophylactically for M. Bovis?

A

Draxxin (Tulathromycin)

37
Q

Where does M. Bovis infections tend to harbor in the body

A

Lungs

38
Q

What alterations do you see in milk when there is an M. Bovis infection?

A

Alteration in milk consistency + Yield
Initially: Flocculent settlement w/ whey like supernatant
Progression: Purulent exudate

39
Q

What does M. bovigenitalum cause in Bulls?

A

Seminal vesiculitis
Chronic fibrosing inflammation
Persistent shed in semen + Poor motility

40
Q

What does M. bovigenitalum cause in Cows?

A

Granular vulvitis + Vaginitis + Endometritis
Infertility + Abortion
Mastitis

41
Q

Where is M. bovigenitalum considered normal microbiota?

A

Lower urogential tract

42
Q

What does M. bovoculi cause?

A

Catarrhal Conjunctivitis
– and –
Predisposition to IBK

43
Q

What causes IBK?

A

Moraxella bovis

44
Q

What does M. Hyopneumoniae cause?

A

Porcine enzootic pneumonia

45
Q

What are the clinical signs of a M. Hyopneumoniae infection?

A

Chronic nonproductive cough

46
Q

What significantly potentiates M. Hyopneumoniae infection?

A

Porcine respiratory disease complex

47
Q

What type of vaccine is used for M. Hyopneumoniae?

A

Whole cell culture

48
Q

What type of infection is seen with the presence of M. Hyrorhinis?

A

Systemic

49
Q

What age/animal is most affected by a M. Hyrorhinis infection?

A

Pigs - 3 to 10 weeks old

50
Q

Where is M. Hyrorhinis found in healthy pigs?

A

Lung + Nasal secretions

51
Q

What is a predisposing factor to becoming infected with M. Hyrorhinis?

A

Stress

52
Q

What are the initial signs of a M. Hyorhinis infection?

A

Fever + Inappetence + Listeless ness

53
Q

What is seen in the later stages of a M. Hyorhinis infection?

A

Arthritis + Lameness

Serofibrinous to fibropurulent polyserositis

54
Q

What sample do you take to test for a M. Hyorhinis infection?

A

Joint fluid

55
Q

How should M. Hyorhinis joint fluid be stored?

A

Chilled on ice, not frozen

56
Q

What are characteristic signs of M. Hyorhinis infection?

A

Polyserositis = Pleural + peritoneal + pericardial serosa

57
Q

What does M. Hyosynoviae cause?

A

Polyarthritis + Respiratory spread

58
Q

What are the clinical signs of M. Hyosynoviae infection?

A

Lameness + Difficult mobility + Pain + Swollen joints

59
Q

What are the main joints affected by M. Hyosynoviae infections?

A

Hock + Stifle

60
Q

What mobility changes do you see in a pig infected with M. Hyosynoviae?

A

Lameness –> Dog-sitting –> Recumbency

61
Q

What is seen with a chronic M. Hyosynoviae infection?

A

Synovial villous hypertrophy

62
Q

What age are M. Hyosynoviae infections most commonly seen?

A

10 to 30 weeks in Pigs

63
Q

What animals are infected by M. Gallisepticum?

A

Turkey + Chicken

64
Q

What does M. Gallisepticum infection cause in turkey?

A

Infectious sinusitis

65
Q

What does M. Gallisepticum infection cause in chickens?

A

Chronic respiratory disease

66
Q

What are the clinical signs seen in a chicken with M. Gallisepticum?

A

Consistent with upper respiratory tract involvement

67
Q

What are the clinical signs seen in a turkey with M. Gallisepticum?

A

Sinusitis with thick mucoid exudate

Severe swelling of infraorbital sinuses

68
Q

What is a specific test done for M. Gallisepticum infections?

A

Flock testing - serum (Ab) plate aggulination test q

69
Q

What is the treatment for M. Gallisepticum?

A

Antimicrobial in feed

Dip eggs used for hatching in Tylosin

70
Q

What does M. synoviae cause?

A

Infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys

71
Q

How is M. synoviae transmitted?

A

Aerosols

72
Q

What are the clinical signs of M. synoviae infection?

A

Synovitis
Retarded growth
Airsacculitis

73
Q

What is seen only in turkeys with M. synoviae infections?

A

Strenal bursitis

74
Q

What is the treatment for M. synoviae?

A

Tetracycline in feed

75
Q

What animals is infected by M. meleagridis?

A

Turkeys

76
Q

What does M. meleagridis infections cause in turkeys?

A

Airsacculitis
Bone deformities
Reduced hatching + growth rate

77
Q

How is M. meleagridis transmitted?

A

Eggs + Semen

78
Q

What are the clinical signs of a M. meleagridis infection in young poults?

A

Reduced egg hatching

Airsacculitis

79
Q

What are the clinical signs of a M. meleagridis infection in growers?

A

Joint + Bone deformities

80
Q

What test is down to see if M. meleagridis is occurring?

A

Flock testing - SPA test

81
Q

What is the treatment/control for M. meleagridis?

A

Dip eggs in Tylosin and also put it in the water for 10 days

82
Q

What animals is affected by Mycoplasma haemofelis?

A

Cats

83
Q

What does M. Haemofelis cause?

A

Feline infectious anemia

84
Q

How can M. Haemofelis cause anemia?

A

Hemotropic mycoplasma

85
Q

How is M. Haemofelis transmitted?

A

biting arthropods
– and –
Bite wounds

86
Q

What are the two mechanisms that M. Haemofelis uses to harm RBCs?

A

Direct damage via attachment to RBCS

Cold agglutinins = Ab’s –> destruction of RBCs

87
Q

What are the clinical signs of the common acute form of M. Haemofelis?

A

Fever + Anemia + Depression + Weakness + Occasional jaundice

88
Q

What is seen with recovery form M. Haemofeli?

A

parasitemia diminishes –> cyclic

Regenerative bone marrow response

89
Q

What is used to treat M. Haemofelis?

A

Acute - Doxycycline

Severe blood transfusion

Bacteriology (28 decks)

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