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Lecture 26 - Mycoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

What class does mycoplasma belong to?

A

Molicutes

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2
Q

What other bacteria belong to the mollicutes?

A

Ureaplasma + Acholeplasma

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3
Q

Where do mycoplasma + ureaplasma tend to be located?

A

Respiratory + Urogenital + Articular surfaces + Mammary gland

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4
Q

What special bacterial type is seen in the mycoplasmas?

A

Hemotropic mycoplasma

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5
Q

Term: Hemotropic mycoplasma

A

Parasitizes RBC’s

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6
Q

What makes Mollicutes the smallest prokaryotic cell?

A

Can self replicate

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the Mollicutes general structure?

A

No cell wall - peptidoglycan

Triple layered membrane

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8
Q

What stains are used with Mollicutes?

A

Romanowsky

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9
Q

What are the three romanoswky stains?

A

Giemsa + Wright + Leishman

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10
Q

What are the cell types seen with Mollicutes?

A

Cocci + Spirals + Filaments + Rings

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11
Q

What is the oxygen requirements of Mollicutes?

A

Facultative anaerobes + Microaerophiles

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12
Q

What virulence factors do mollicutes tend to have?

A 
Antigenic + Phase variation 
Biofilm 
H2O2
Adhesins 
Capsule
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13
Q

What does the H2O2 produced by the mollicutes do?

A

Ciliotoxic + Hemolytic

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14
Q

Where should samples be taken if one suspects a mollicutes infection?

A

Mucosa + Tracheal exudate + Aspirate

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15
Q

What transport medium should Mollicutes be transported in?

A

Amies medium without charcoal
– or –
Stuarts medium

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16
Q

What can Mollicutes be grown on?

A

PPLO

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17
Q

What needs to be added when you are trying to grow Mollicutes?

A

Ampicillin, Mollicutes is so slow growing want to prevent other things from taking over

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18
Q

What should the medium composition be for Mollicutes growth?

A

Isotonic + Cholesterol + Growth factors

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19
Q

Differentiation: Mycoplasma

A

Digitonin sensitive

Urease negative

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20
Q

Differentiation: Ureaplasma

A

Digitonin sensitive

Urease positive

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21
Q

Differentiation: Acholeplasma

A

Digitonin resistant o

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22
Q

What are the Mycoplasmas we care about?

A 
Mycoides ssp. Mycoides 
Bovis 
Bovigenitalum 
Bovoculi 
Hyopneumoniae 
Hyorhinis 
Hyosynoviae 
Gallisepticum 
Synoviae 
Meleagridis 
Haemofelis
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23
Q

What does M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides cause?

A

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

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24
Q

Where is M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides endemic to?

A

Africa + Middle east + Asia

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25
Transmission: M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides
Aerosols
26
When do you begin to see clinical signs of a M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides infection?
3 weeks
27
When do you reach peak morbidity in a M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides infection?
7 to 8 months, very slow
28
What is seen in calves with M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides ?
Arthritis + Synovitis + Endocarditis
29
How long does it normally take death to occur with M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides infections?
1 to 3 weeks
30
What characteristic stance do you see in a cattle that is infected with M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides ?
Head + Neck extended | Elbows abducted
31
What are the clinical signs seen with a M. Mycoides ssp. Mycoides infection?
Sudden onset high fever Anorexia Depression Drop in milk yield
32
What does M. Bovis cause in cattle?
Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia | Bovine mastitis
33
Where does M. Bovis tend to target in the lung?
Crainoventral lobes
34
What is M. Bovis enhanced by?
``` Pasturella multocida Mannhemia Hemolytica Histophilus somni Arcanobacterium pyogenes MVDV ```
35
What antibiotics are used to treat M. Bovis?
Tulathromycin + Gamithromycin
36
What is used to treat the herd prophylactically for M. Bovis?
Draxxin (Tulathromycin)
37
Where does M. Bovis infections tend to harbor in the body
Lungs
38
What alterations do you see in milk when there is an M. Bovis infection?
Alteration in milk consistency + Yield Initially: Flocculent settlement w/ whey like supernatant Progression: Purulent exudate
39
What does M. bovigenitalum cause in Bulls?
Seminal vesiculitis Chronic fibrosing inflammation Persistent shed in semen + Poor motility
40
What does M. bovigenitalum cause in Cows?
Granular vulvitis + Vaginitis + Endometritis Infertility + Abortion Mastitis
41
Where is M. bovigenitalum considered normal microbiota?
Lower urogential tract
42
What does M. bovoculi cause?
Catarrhal Conjunctivitis -- and -- Predisposition to IBK
43
What causes IBK?
Moraxella bovis
44
What does M. Hyopneumoniae cause?
Porcine enzootic pneumonia
45
What are the clinical signs of a M. Hyopneumoniae infection?
Chronic nonproductive cough
46
What significantly potentiates M. Hyopneumoniae infection?
Porcine respiratory disease complex
47
What type of vaccine is used for M. Hyopneumoniae?
Whole cell culture
48
What type of infection is seen with the presence of M. Hyrorhinis?
Systemic
49
What age/animal is most affected by a M. Hyrorhinis infection?
Pigs - 3 to 10 weeks old
50
Where is M. Hyrorhinis found in healthy pigs?
Lung + Nasal secretions
51
What is a predisposing factor to becoming infected with M. Hyrorhinis?
Stress
52
What are the initial signs of a M. Hyorhinis infection?
Fever + Inappetence + Listeless ness
53
What is seen in the later stages of a M. Hyorhinis infection?
Arthritis + Lameness | Serofibrinous to fibropurulent polyserositis
54
What sample do you take to test for a M. Hyorhinis infection?
Joint fluid
55
How should M. Hyorhinis joint fluid be stored?
Chilled on ice, not frozen
56
What are characteristic signs of M. Hyorhinis infection?
Polyserositis = Pleural + peritoneal + pericardial serosa
57
What does M. Hyosynoviae cause?
Polyarthritis + Respiratory spread
58
What are the clinical signs of M. Hyosynoviae infection?
Lameness + Difficult mobility + Pain + Swollen joints
59
What are the main joints affected by M. Hyosynoviae infections?
Hock + Stifle
60
What mobility changes do you see in a pig infected with M. Hyosynoviae?
Lameness --> Dog-sitting --> Recumbency
61
What is seen with a chronic M. Hyosynoviae infection?
Synovial villous hypertrophy
62
What age are M. Hyosynoviae infections most commonly seen?
10 to 30 weeks in Pigs
63
What animals are infected by M. Gallisepticum?
Turkey + Chicken
64
What does M. Gallisepticum infection cause in turkey?
Infectious sinusitis
65
What does M. Gallisepticum infection cause in chickens?
Chronic respiratory disease
66
What are the clinical signs seen in a chicken with M. Gallisepticum?
Consistent with upper respiratory tract involvement
67
What are the clinical signs seen in a turkey with M. Gallisepticum?
Sinusitis with thick mucoid exudate | Severe swelling of infraorbital sinuses
68
What is a specific test done for M. Gallisepticum infections?
Flock testing - serum (Ab) plate aggulination test q
69
What is the treatment for M. Gallisepticum?
Antimicrobial in feed | Dip eggs used for hatching in Tylosin
70
What does M. synoviae cause?
Infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys
71
How is M. synoviae transmitted?
Aerosols
72
What are the clinical signs of M. synoviae infection?
Synovitis Retarded growth Airsacculitis
73
What is seen only in turkeys with M. synoviae infections?
Strenal bursitis
74
What is the treatment for M. synoviae?
Tetracycline in feed
75
What animals is infected by M. meleagridis?
Turkeys
76
What does M. meleagridis infections cause in turkeys?
Airsacculitis Bone deformities Reduced hatching + growth rate
77
How is M. meleagridis transmitted?
Eggs + Semen
78
What are the clinical signs of a M. meleagridis infection in young poults?
Reduced egg hatching | Airsacculitis
79
What are the clinical signs of a M. meleagridis infection in growers?
Joint + Bone deformities
80
What test is down to see if M. meleagridis is occurring?
Flock testing - SPA test
81
What is the treatment/control for M. meleagridis?
Dip eggs in Tylosin and also put it in the water for 10 days
82
What animals is affected by Mycoplasma haemofelis?
Cats
83
What does M. Haemofelis cause?
Feline infectious anemia
84
How can M. Haemofelis cause anemia?
Hemotropic mycoplasma
85
How is M. Haemofelis transmitted?
biting arthropods -- and -- Bite wounds
86
What are the two mechanisms that M. Haemofelis uses to harm RBCs?
Direct damage via attachment to RBCS | Cold agglutinins = Ab's --> destruction of RBCs
87
What are the clinical signs of the common acute form of M. Haemofelis?
Fever + Anemia + Depression + Weakness + Occasional jaundice
88
What is seen with recovery form M. Haemofeli?
parasitemia diminishes --> cyclic | Regenerative bone marrow response
89
What is used to treat M. Haemofelis?
Acute - Doxycycline | Severe blood transfusion

Bacteriology (28 decks)

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