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Bacteriology > Lecture 18 - Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas > Flashcards

Lecture 18 - Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas Flashcards

1
Q

Motile

A

Proteus + Enterobacter

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2
Q

Non-motile

A

Klesiella

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3
Q

Lactose fermentation

A

Klebsiella + Enterobacter

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4
Q

Urease

A

Proteus + Klebsiella

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5
Q

H2S production in TSI

A

Proteus

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6
Q

Nosocomial Infections: Klebsiella

A

Surgical wounds + Urinary tract + Blood

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7
Q

Nosocomial Infections: Enterobacter

A

Contaminated cleaning solutions

UTI

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8
Q

What species of enterobacter is responsible for nosocomial infections due to contaminated cleaning solutions ?

A

E. Cloacae

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9
Q

What species of enterobacter are responsible for nosocomial infections causing UTI’s?

A

E. Cloacae + E. Hormaechei

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10
Q

What does PESSKY Strains stand for?

A 
Proteus 
E. Coli 
Salmonella 
Shigella 
Klebsiella 
Enterobacter
Yersinia 
Serratia
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11
Q

What do you see clinically most often with proteus infections?

A

Chronic otitis externa

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12
Q

What animal most often sees otitis externa due to Proteus?

A

Dogs

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13
Q

What three bacteria are most commonly the cause of chronic otitis externa in dogs?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus
Enterococcus

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14
Q

What bacteria is the most common cause of otitis externa in dogs?

A

P. Aeruginosa

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15
Q

What animals are most commonly infected with Klebsiella?

A

Dogs
Cats
Horses
Cattle

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16
Q

Where is Klebsiella a normal part of the flora in dogs and cats?

A

Nasopharyngeal + Intestinal

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17
Q

What is Klebsiella associated with in cats and dogs?

A

GI + Gentiourinary tract infections
Systemic bacteremia
Nosocomial infections

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18
Q

What are virulence factors seen in Klebsiella that affects dogs and cats?

A

Shiga toxin

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19
Q

What is klebsiella a common cause of in horses?

A

Chronic endometritis

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20
Q

Why is endometriosis caused by klebsiella most often chronic in nature?

A

Forms a biofilm making antibiotics less efficient

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21
Q

What does Klebsiella cause in stallions?

A

Balanoposthitis

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22
Q

Is Klebsiella a STD?

A

NO, but is sexually transmitted

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23
Q

What occurs with cattle infected with Klebsiella?

A

Coliform mastitis

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24
Q

What bacteria with Klebsiella can also cause coliform mastitis in cattle?

A

Enterobacter

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25
Q

What type of enterobacter infects dogs and cats?

A

E. cloacae

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26
Q

What is Enterobacter Cloacae responsible for in cats and dogs?

A

Nosocomial infections, most commonly in the IV catheter

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27
Q

When are dogs more at risk for infection by Enterobacter?

A

Any prior AB use
Surgery
Increased duration in the hospital

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28
Q

What can Proteus, Klebsiella, and enterobacter be cultured on most commonly?

A

Blood agar + MacConkey

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29
Q

Which of the bacteria shows a swarming growth pattern on blood agar?

A

Proteus

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30
Q

Which of the bacteria appear yellow on MAC? (including from previous lectures)

A

Proteus + Salmonella

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31
Q

Which of the bacteria appear pink on MAC? (including from previous lectures)

A

Enterobacter + Klenellia + E. Coli

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32
Q

What needs to be taken into consideration with treatment of Klebsiella?

A

Geographic AB resistance

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33
Q

What should a UTI due to Klensiella be treated with most commonly?

A

Cephalexin + Cephalosporin

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34
Q

What strain of Proteus is most commonly responsible for UTI’s?

A

P. Mirabilis

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35
Q

What should a UTI due to P. Mirabilis be treated with?

A

Ampicillin

36
Q

What readily kills Proteus, Klebsiella, and enterobacter?

A

Sunlight + desication

37
Q

What are Proteus, Klebsiella, and enterobacter NOT killed by?

A

Freezing

38
Q

Pseudomonas: Gram

A

Negative

39
Q

Pseudomonas: motile

A

Single or multiple polar flagella

40
Q

Pseudomonas: Capsule

A

Carbohydrate containing

Alginate

41
Q

Pseudomonas: Oxygen requirements

A

Aobligate aerobe

42
Q

Pseudomonas: Oxidase

A

Positive

43
Q

Pseudomonas: Catalase

A

Positive

44
Q

Pseudomonas: MacConkey

A

Growth, no fermentation = Yellow

45
Q

What are the four pigments created by Pseudomonas?

A

Pyo - cyanin + verdin + rubin + melanin

46
Q

What does pyocyanin stand for?

A

Chloroform soluble - generate ROS

Virulence factor

47
Q

What does pyoverdin mean?

A

Presence of siderophore

Florescent

48
Q

When you see pyorubin and pyomelanin?

A

Late in the infections

49
Q

What are the four most significant pseudomonas species?

A

Aeruginosa
Putida
Fluorescens
Syringae

50
Q

Where is P. Syringae found?

A

Plants

51
Q

When is P. Fluorescens possible pathogenic?

A

Can grow in blood products

52
Q

What is P. Putida used for?

A

Bioremediation

53
Q

What is the most common cause of veterinary related diseases when it comes to Pseudomonas?

A

P. Aeruginosa

54
Q

What is important to note about pseudomonas infections?

A

Ubiquitous in environment

Impossible to prevent exposure

55
Q

What are the two big determining factors on whether Pseudomonas causes an infection?

A

Host + Environment

56
Q

What are the virulence factors in pseudomonas?

A

Exotoxin A
Bioflims
Resistance

57
Q

What is Exotoxin A?

A

Cytotoxic

Extracellular = tissue damage + septicemia

58
Q

What delivers Exotoxin A to the host?

A

T3SS via injectosome

59
Q

What causes the bioflim in pseudomonas?

A

Aliginate - slime like polysaccharide

60
Q

What are the methods pseudomonas uses to be more resistant to AB’s?

A

Low outer membrane permeability

Muti-drug efflux pumps

61
Q

What does pseudomonas tend to do to the skin in infections?

A

Maceration

62
Q

What three structures allow for pseudomonas to adhere to tissue?

A

Fibriae + Capsules + Flagella

63
Q

What helps pseudomonas further in the attachment process?

A

Exoenzymes + Biofilm + Siderophore production

64
Q

What occurs in post invasion of pseudomonas?

A 
Tissue damage (Exotoxin A) 
Pyocyanin (ROS production)
65
Q

What kind of pathogen is pseudomonas? (based on infection requirements)

A

opportunistic - needs alteration in host defense

66
Q

What types of infections are seen with pseudomonas?

A

Pneumonia + Bacteremia + Infections of eyes, ears, UT + Surgical sites

67
Q

Pseudomonas: Dogs

A

Chronic purulent otitis externa

Ulcerative Keratitis

68
Q

Pseudomonas: Horses

A

Ulcerative Keratitis
Chronic Endometriosis
Balanoposthitis

69
Q

Pseudomonas: Sheep

A

Dermatitis

Fleece rot

70
Q

Pseudomonas: Minks, Chinchillas

A

Septicemic Disease

71
Q

Pseudomonas: Poultry

A

Septicemic disease

72
Q

What animals is highly sensitive to pseudomonas?

A

Minks

73
Q

Pseudomonas: Snakes

A

Necrotic stomatitis

74
Q

Pseudomonas: Goats

A

Gangrenous mastitis

75
Q

Pseudomonas: Cattle

A

Mastitis

76
Q

What does pseudomonas look like on blood agar plates?

A

Gunmetal grey

Very large colonies

77
Q

Pseudomonas: Hemolysis

A

Beta

78
Q

Pseudomonas: Oxidase

A

Positive

79
Q

How do you tell pseudomonas apart from enterobacteriacea?

A

E. is oxidase negative

80
Q

Pseudomonas: MacConkey

A

Lactose negative

81
Q

Pseudomonas: TSI

A

unchanged

82
Q

What AB’s are commonly used with Pseudomonas infections?

A

Aminoglycosides + Carboxypenicillins

83
Q

what is a bad AB’s to use with Pseudomonas infections? why?

A

B-lactams

Many pseudomonas strains have B-lactamase

84
Q

What animals have vaccines against pseudomonas?

A

Minks + Chinchillas

85
Q

What should life threatening pseudomonas infections in dogs and cats be treated with?

A

Carbenicillin + Aminoglycosides

86
Q

What are good AB’s to use in empiric therapy in dogs and cats with pseudomonas?

A

Gentamicin
Amikacin
Tobramycin

87
Q

What is the Pseudomonas vaccine type for minks and chinchillas?

A

Multicomponent

Protein antigens from LPS + Toxoids

Bacteriology (28 decks)

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