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Brain and behaviour term 1 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Pavlovian conditioning

A

Learning to anticipate/predict something t based on a preceding occurrence or situation

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2
Q

Anticipated /predicted thing

A

US

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3
Q

Preceding thing

A

CS

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4
Q

Eye blink conditioning in rabbits experiment

A

Rabbit in cage cannot move around
Only changing external stimuli=air puff =US
Tone =CS
Tone then puff
Dependent measure - proportion of trials in which CS elicited a blinkCR

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5
Q

Eye blink conditioning in rabbits results

A

Acquisition is very slow
Needing over 200 trials for rabbits to be reliably blinking
Difficult to acquire

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6
Q

Why is acquisition slow

A

The more info you have the more experience you gain

Search problem - need to search through a large number of possibility to find the right one

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7
Q

Taste smell aversion

A

Aversion acquired through experience

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8
Q

Characteristics of taste smell aversion learning

A

Strong/ unusually distinctively flavoured smelling food or drink
Sometime later person falls ill
Nausea and vomit
When the food is encountered again it’s smell/ taste evokes a strong aversion

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9
Q

Taste smell aversion Learning

CS UR CR US

A

CS - taste/smell
UR- symptoms
CR - aversion
US - toxins in the bloodstream

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10
Q

Taste smell aversion learning cannot be acquired if the CS is

A

Auditory , visual or tactile

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11
Q

Flavour and smell CS’s belong with

A

Sickness inducing US’s

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12
Q

Taste smell aversion experiment procedure

A

2 groups - rats both exposed to two CS’s
Flavour CS and audio-visual CS (light turned on)
When rats licked the drinking tube they hear a click , light flash and flavoured water

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13
Q

What does group 1 receive

A

Dose of x rays - radiation sickness -US

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14
Q

What does group 2 receive

A

Foot shock - US

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15
Q

Results for group 1

A

Acquired an aversion to the flavoured water but NOT the audio visual water

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16
Q

Results for group 2

A

Acquired an aversion to the audio visual anger but not the flavour water

17
Q

Melbourne CS belongs with

A

Illness inducing US

18
Q

Audio visual CS belongs

A

With foot shock

19
Q

Pavlovian learning nueral mechanism

A

The strength of synapses in an existing neural pathway has been increased or new synaptic connections have been created

20
Q

eye blink conditioning Unconditional reflex is mediated by a

A

Brain stem pathway from receptors in the cornea

21
Q

The conditioning procedure (training) causes a

A

Link between auditory receptors and eye lid motor nuclei to become active

22
Q

Auditory receptors transmit signals to

A

Neutrons in the brain stem auditory nuclei

23
Q

Auditory neurone project to nuclei in the

A

Pins which project to the cerebellum

24
Q

Within the cerebellum are a number of nuclei one to them is

A

Nucleus interpossitus - relevant to conditioning

25
Q

Neurones in the interposed nuclei project to the

A

Red nucleus in the brain stem which then project to the eyelid motor neurons

26
Q

Pavlovian learning and conditioning in real life example

A

Drug tolerance

27
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Over repeated administrations the effect of a drug progressively gets smaller

28
Q

As tolerance develops

A

Larger and Larger doses of drugs are needed to produce the same effects

29
Q

What process underlies the development of tolerance

A

CR counteracts the effect of US

30
Q

Example of insulin experiment

A

US insulin results in low blood sugar level HYPOglycemia
After training CS elicits HYPERglycemia
Two OPPOSING effects US +CS COUNTERACTS each other - little effect in blood glucose level

31
Q

Immune system functioning

A number of drugs affect

A

Immune system function they may SUPPRESS OR ENHANCE it

32
Q

Immunosuppressive effects

A

Drugs with these effects are useful for the treatment of diseases eg cyclophosphamide

33
Q

Experiment with cyclophosphamide CS
US
UR
CR

A

Rats drank flavoured water (taste CS) and dosed with cyclophosphamide (US)
UR- nausea and vomit
CR- aversion

34
Q

Experiment with cyclophosphamide results

A

Rats acquired an aversion to the flavoured water but many became ill and died - unexpected

35
Q

What caused the illness / death

A

Repeated doses led to a learned immunosuppressive effect

Immune system was suppressed

36
Q

What CR was acquired

A

Conditional immunosuppression

37
Q

How does the new CR offer benefits

A

Avoidance of side effects

Cost savings

38
Q

CR is a

A

Placebo effect

When patient presented with CS alone placebo produces an actual physio affect - immune response

Brain and behaviour term 1 (36 decks)

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