biological basis of behaviour

Question 1

what is psychology

Answer 1

the study of the soul/mind

Question 2

what is psychobiology

Answer 2

relationship between behaviour and biological processes

Question 3

behaviour

Answer 3

the internally coordinated responses of organisms to their internal or external environment

Question 4

to produce responses what 3 responses interact with the environment

Answer 4

immune system , endocrine systen and nervous system

Question 5

what is the immune system

Answer 5

protects the body from infection by fighting bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances

Question 6

what is the endocrine system

Answer 6

maintains and regulate the bodies internal state and controls growth development and introduction

Question 7

what is the nervous system

Answer 7

controls ongoing activity by coordinating rapid and precise responses to stimuli

Question 8

how is behaviour generated

Answer 8

info from environment id registered, which is processed

then an appropriate response must be generated

Question 9

the more complex the structure of an organism is…

Answer 9

the more complex the processes involved in generating behaviour

Question 10

function of the nervous system

Answer 10

control and coordinate behaviour

Question 11

function of neurons

Answer 11

generation and transmission of electrical impulses

Question 12

what are glia cells

Answer 12

provide protected environment for neurons to survive

Question 13

microglia

Answer 13

small , mobile for defensive function , produce chemicals that aid repaired of damaged neurons and digest dead neurons

Question 14

astrocytes

Answer 14

star shaped , physical and nutritional support for neurons

Question 15

oligodendroglia

Answer 15

large flat branches wrapping themselves around axons

insulting the axono

Question 16

NS of vertebrates - with spinal cord are similar but more

Answer 16

Complex
CNS and PNS are more clearly separated
NS hierarchically organised

Question 17

PNS split

Answer 17

Into two

Somatic NS and autonomic NS

Question 18

Autonomic NS splits into

Answer 18

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 19

Sympathetic

Answer 19

Fight or flight

Question 20

Parasympathetic

Answer 20

Rest and digest

Question 21

Function of NS

Answer 21

Control and coordinate behaviour enables organisms to react quickly flexibly and with high precision

Question 22

Without the brain

Answer 22

Sensory signals from the body enter CNS via Spinal cord

Question 23

Example of monosynaptic reflex arc

Answer 23

Knee jerk reflex

Question 24

Monosynaptic reflex

Answer 24

Specific receptors inside each muscle fibre activate sensory Neuron when muscle is stretched

Axon enter spinal cord via dorsal root connects with motor neurone

Axons enter spinal cord via ventral root activated muscle causing it to contract

Question 25

Why do we need monosynaptic reflexes

Answer 25

They resist dampen quick stretching of skeletal muscle providing us smooth stable movement

Question 26

polysynaptic reflec arcs

Answer 26

sensory and motor neurons connected via one or more interneurons
receptor and effector at different places

Question 27

polysynaptic reflec arcs are more

Answer 27

flexible due to the interneuron and having much more space for additional info coming from the body

Question 28

spinal cord neurons can even generate

Answer 28

complex movement patterns eg walking automatically - without the brain

Question 29

spinal cord cannot

Answer 29

voluntarily initiate movements

Question 30

patterns/ behaviours only

Answer 30

elicited in response to appropriate stimulation eg stepping reflex in babies

Question 31

how do we know that the stepping reflex done in the spinal cord alone

Answer 31

not the brain
experimental methods on cats
spinal cord is cut - signals from hind legs cannot reach the brain vice versa

Question 32

if you place a cat on a treadmill with support

Answer 32

the cat is able to perfectly walk smoothly

Question 33

what is the difference between the NS of vertebrates and insects

Answer 33

vertebrates have a hierarchically organised NS

Insect- non hierarchic

Question 34

the PNS consist of

Answer 34

somatic and autonomic division

Question 35

why does a newborns stepping reflec disappear as the child grows older

Answer 35

as the NS matures , voluntary signals from the brain begin to override the reflex