lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

anxiety

A

an apprehension over an anticipated problem/future threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

fear

A

reaction to immediate danger- threat happening now

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fear is fundamental for

A

fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anxiety helps us to

A

notice and plan for future threats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

arousal shows an

A

inverted u shaped relationship with performance- heroes dodson effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

clinical description of anxiety disorders

A

All anxiety disorders share excessively high frequent anxiety- experience unusually intense fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

symptoms must

A

interfere with important areas of functioning /cause distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

phobias

A

fear of objects/situations that is out of proportion to any real danger. tried to be avoided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phobias symptoms must persist for at least

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

fear of unfamiliar people or social scrutiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

panic disorder

A

recurrent unexpected panic attacks - unrelated to specific situations - sudden attack of apprehension, terror and feelings of impending doom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear or anxiety about at least 2 situations where it would be difficult to escape or receive help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

generalised anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety and worry at least 50% of days about a number of events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gender as a risk factor

A

women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed - more likely to report their symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mowers two factor model of anxiety disorder

A

classical conditioning - person learns to fear a neutral stimulus that is paired with an aversive stimulus
operant - person gains relief by avoiding the CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

other ways how anxiety might develop

A

direct experience, observation of another verbal instruction

17
Q

genetic factors twin studies

A

suggest a heritability of 20-40% for specific phobias , social anxiety and generalised disorder and about 50% for panic disorder

18
Q

neurobiological factors

A

amygdala seems to be particularly activated among people with anxiety disorder
less activity in the media prefrontal cortex

19
Q

ris factor - cognitive factor

A

sustained negative beliefs about the future , lack of perceived control and attention to threat

20
Q

model of the development of panic disorder

A

neurobiological panic attack involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system

21
Q

panic disorder cognitive factor

A

catastrophic misinterpretation of these somatic changes

22
Q

medication to reduce anxiety

A

two types of medication are most commonly used- Benzodiazepines and antidepressants

23
Q

antidepressants are preferred over Bz’s because

A

less side effects - most people relapse when stop taking medication

24
Q

combining treatments-

A

medication with psychological treatments

25
exposure therapy
a person must face up the source of their fear with the aim of extinction- learning new associations with regard to the feared object
26
systematic desensitisation
taught relaxation techniques | confronted with a list of gradually more frightening stimuli
27
flooding
relaxation technique - direct exposure immediately
28
David clark developed
a version of cognitive therapy - helps people learn to not focus on attention-combat their negative thinking
29
treatment of panic disorder
panic control therapy - based on the tendency to overreact to the bodily sensations associated with panic
30
treatment of agoraphobia
systematic exposure to feared situations - more effective when the person is involved
31
CBT
detailed clinical interview, self monitoring homework assignments , direct observation
32
CBT assessment should include
identify cognitions, identify behaviours and feelings and physical responses
33
ellis ABC model
peoples assumptions are irrational- triggered by negative events. activating event, beliefs and consequences
34
problem maintenance
safety behaviours - avoidance are intended to avoid or reduce anxiety