lecture 2

Question 1

hippocampus is a key

Answer 1

region in anterograde amnesia

Question 2

damage to hippocampus results in

Answer 2

long term declarative memory formation impaired

Question 3

korsakoffs syndrome

Answer 3

caused by thiamine deficiency as a result of long term alcohol abuse results in amnesia

Question 4

amnesics are able to acquire

Answer 4

CR’s

Question 5

eye blink conditioning experiement

Answer 5

subjects sat watching a movie whilst exposed to a tone then air puff
delay conditioning

Question 6

who took part in the eye blink conditioning experiment

Answer 6

normal controls and a group of anterograde amnesics with hippocampal damage

Question 7

results of eye blink conditioning

Answer 7

normal participants and amnesics acquired CR’S

but no amnesics formed a declarative memory of having undergone the procedure

Question 8

but some normal controls did

Answer 8

not notice the CS-US relationship

Question 9

trace conditioning

Answer 9

short beep then no stimulus then air puff

Question 10

results of trace conditioning

Answer 10

amnesics failed to acquire CR’S

Question 11

rat experiment

Answer 11

removal of hippocampus prior to conditioning - CR’S acquired if delay procedure is used but not the trace conditioning

Question 12

what is needed for trace conditioning

Answer 12

hippocampus retains info about the CS over trace interval

if so- CR’s acquired before hippocampal removal should not be affected

Question 13

stored memories are

Answer 13

not lost only the capacity to form new ones

Question 14

hippocampus is crucial for

Answer 14

holding info overtime during acquisition of long term memories

Question 15

hippocampus is Not involved in

Answer 15

delay conditioning but similar structure playing a similar role is the cerebral cortex

Question 16

if the cerebella cortex is damaged

Answer 16

cr acquisition is no longer possible

Question 17

If structures involved in acquisition are damaged

Answer 17

new long term memories cannot be stored - anterograde amnesia

Question 18

if structs involved in retention are damaged

Answer 18

old memories are lost- retrograde amnesia

Question 19

hippocampus is important for forming

Answer 19

new memories but not for storing them

Question 20

delay conditioning does not require the

Answer 20

hippocampus

Question 21

forgetting In long term non declarative emory is much

Answer 21

less common eg- can’t forget how to ride a bike

Question 22

unlearning

Answer 22

undoing the effects of prior learning - where memory is non declarative

Question 23

reasons to undo learning

Answer 23

sport

get rid of phobias

Question 24

two ways of actively undoing the effects of learning

Answer 24

erasure and suppression

Question 25

erase

Answer 25

erase the memory

Question 26

suppression

Answer 26

suppress the memory

Question 27

reversal of habituation

Answer 27

dishabituation undoes the effects of short term habituation

Question 28

can the effects of pavlovian conditioning be undone

Answer 28

trainee learns to respond in an anticipatory manner(CR) due to the fact that a CS signals the occurrence of a US

Question 29

what procedure tests whether the trainee can learn to stop responding to the CS in an anticipatory fashion

Answer 29

phase 1 - training with forward conditioning protocol - CS is paired with US until learner acquires CR phase 2 - exposure to a sequence of presentations of the same CS without US

Question 30

example of procedure

Answer 30

``` CS=Tone US= food delivered UR= poke of nose CR= poke of nose gradually rat learns not to respond to poke its nose when it repeatedly hears a beep ```

Question 31

procedure that follows conditioning and involves presenting the CS without US is called an

Answer 31

extinction procedure

Question 32

does extinction procedure ERASE the memories or SUPPRESSION of CR

Answer 32

no | spontaneous recovery , renewal, reinstatement

Question 33

spontaneous recovery

Answer 33

condition = CS then US extinction = CS without US Delay and test = CS only behaviour comes back - has not completely disappeared

Question 34

recovery tends to be greater for

Answer 34

longer intervals

Question 35

renewal

Answer 35

subject is conditioned in one context A then transferred to a different context B extinction procedure administered after extinction transferred back to context A or new one

Question 36

extinction procedure

Answer 36

presenting CS without US

Question 37

renewal effect

Answer 37

back in context A animal is tested with CS alone - CR is present

Question 38

reinstatement

Answer 38

following extinction , the subject Is presented with an aversive US CS elicits CR

Question 39

example of reinstatement procedure

Answer 39

CS= Tone US= foot shock | extinction - repeated presentation of the tone CS without the shock until the CR disappears

Question 40

Following extinction the shock US

Answer 40

is presented alone a few times and when the CS is presented alone, CR elicited once agin - reinstated

Question 41

exposure therapy

Answer 41

used for the treatment of phobias - may not remove the cause

Question 42

new learning that counteracts the effects of prior learning

Answer 42

inhibitory stimulus response connection

Question 43

conditional reflex pathway is intact but an inhibitory pathway is formed as a result of extinction which

Answer 43

prevents CR from occurring

Question 44

why suppress rather than erase

Answer 44

extinction is context sensitive - renewal and reinstatement | not completely lost but is available in contexts where its still useful