lecture 3 Flashcards
sociocultural factors - gender
some disorders affect men and women differently. women affected by depression men affected more by antisocial personality disorder
socio economic status
poverty as a major influence on psychological disorders
cultural/ethnic factors
some disorders appear to be specific to particular cultures. cultures influence how symptoms are expressed
interpersonal factors
quality of relationships - amount of social support
couples therapy
people in distressed marriages are 2-3 times more likely to experience psychological disorders. reduce relationship distress
family therapy
problems of the family impact on the members vice versa
attachment theory
Bowlby/ ainsworth - attachment relationships with parents in childhood affects adult attachment style and mental health
interpersonal therapy
emphasises the importance of current relationships and how problems these relationships contribute to psychological symptoms
diathesis stress model
links genetic , neurobiological , psychological and environmental factors
diathesis
stress
diathesis- vulnerability
stress- environmental/life disturbances
mood disorders
disabling disturbances in emotions - extreme sadness ,disengagement of depression
depressive disorder
profound sadness- sad mood, inability to experience pleasure
cognitive symptoms of depressive disorder
negative thoughts, lack of concentration , low self esteem and poor memory
physical symptoms
fatigue, low energy. sleep too much too little.
major depressive disorder
MDD is an episodic disorder - present for a period and then clears. average 4 episodes. with every episode - risk for further episode increase by 16%
dysthymia
chronic depressive disorder- low mood or loss of interest for more than half of the time and at least w additional symptoms
dysthymia duration
at least 2 years but mean average is more than 5 years
dysthymia symptoms
milder than in MDD
life time prevalence of MDD and dysthymia
MDD=16% Dysthymia =2.5%
gender differences MDD
is twice as common in women but no gender diff in childhood
types of bipolar disorder
bipolar 1 , bipolar II and cyclothymic disorder
types of bipolar disorders have one symptom in common
mania but differ in severity and duration
bipolar II
experience mania and depression
mania
state of intense elation or irritability