lecture 3

Question 1

sociocultural factors - gender

Answer 1

some disorders affect men and women differently. women affected by depression men affected more by antisocial personality disorder

Question 2

socio economic status

Answer 2

poverty as a major influence on psychological disorders

Question 3

cultural/ethnic factors

Answer 3

some disorders appear to be specific to particular cultures. cultures influence how symptoms are expressed

Question 4

interpersonal factors

Answer 4

quality of relationships - amount of social support

Question 5

couples therapy

Answer 5

people in distressed marriages are 2-3 times more likely to experience psychological disorders. reduce relationship distress

Question 6

family therapy

Answer 6

problems of the family impact on the members vice versa

Question 7

attachment theory

Answer 7

Bowlby/ ainsworth - attachment relationships with parents in childhood affects adult attachment style and mental health

Question 8

interpersonal therapy

Answer 8

emphasises the importance of current relationships and how problems these relationships contribute to psychological symptoms

Question 9

diathesis stress model

Answer 9

links genetic , neurobiological , psychological and environmental factors

Question 10

diathesis

stress

Answer 10

diathesis- vulnerability

stress- environmental/life disturbances

Question 11

mood disorders

Answer 11

disabling disturbances in emotions - extreme sadness ,disengagement of depression

Question 12

depressive disorder

Answer 12

profound sadness- sad mood, inability to experience pleasure

Question 13

cognitive symptoms of depressive disorder

Answer 13

negative thoughts, lack of concentration , low self esteem and poor memory

Question 14

physical symptoms

Answer 14

fatigue, low energy. sleep too much too little.

Question 15

major depressive disorder

Answer 15

MDD is an episodic disorder - present for a period and then clears. average 4 episodes. with every episode - risk for further episode increase by 16%

Question 16

dysthymia

Answer 16

chronic depressive disorder- low mood or loss of interest for more than half of the time and at least w additional symptoms

Question 17

dysthymia duration

Answer 17

at least 2 years but mean average is more than 5 years

Question 18

dysthymia symptoms

Answer 18

milder than in MDD

Question 19

life time prevalence of MDD and dysthymia

Answer 19

MDD=16% Dysthymia =2.5%

Question 20

gender differences MDD

Answer 20

is twice as common in women but no gender diff in childhood

Question 21

types of bipolar disorder

Answer 21

bipolar 1 , bipolar II and cyclothymic disorder

Question 22

types of bipolar disorders have one symptom in common

Answer 22

mania but differ in severity and duration

Question 23

bipolar II

Answer 23

experience mania and depression

Question 24

mania

Answer 24

state of intense elation or irritability

Question 25

people with mania may become

Answer 25

louder, sociable , self confident, stop sleeping but energetic

Question 26

hypomania

Answer 26

clear changes in functioning but no impairments- more social ,flirtatious , energised and productive. no psychotic symptoms

Question 27

bipolar I disorder

Answer 27

a manic episode at least once in a lifetime. abnormally increased activity and energy

Question 28

Bipolar 1 recurrence

Answer 28

more than 50% experience 4 or more episodes

Question 29

bipolar 1 is more

Answer 29

severe form of mental illness than in MDD

Question 30

bipolar II diagnosis

Answer 30

at least one major depressive episode and at least one episode of hypermania- milder form of bipolar

Question 31

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 31

chronic disorder- frequent but mild symptoms of depression alternating with mild symptoms of mania