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Brain and behaviour term 1 > lecture 7 > Flashcards

lecture 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

prevalence

A

proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period

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2
Q

how us estimated prevalence calculated

A

if you know info on the samples of the population of interest

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3
Q

how is prevalence calculated

A

if info of the entire population is provided

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4
Q

prevalence in uk

A

4.1 per 1000

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5
Q

prevalence gender

A

affects men slightly more often than women

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6
Q

onset

A

late adolescence and early adulthood

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7
Q

estimated annual prevalence uk

A

0.4 or 4 per 1000

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8
Q

incidence

A

a measure of the number of new cases of a characteristic that arise in a population over a given period

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9
Q

cost of psychosis per year

A

£11.8 billion a year

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10
Q

other psychotic disorders

A

schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder and schizophreniform disorder and brief psychotic disorder

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11
Q

schizoaffective disorder symptoms of

A

both schizophrenia and mood disorder - rewires having a major depressive or mania episode

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12
Q

delusional disorder

A

having delusions -persecution , jealousy , grandeur - no other symptoms of schizophrenia

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13
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

symptoms must include either delusions hallucinations or disorganised speech

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14
Q

schizophreniform disorder duration

A

greater than 1 month but less than 6 months

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15
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

symptoms must include either hallucinations, delusions or disorganised speech

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16
Q

brief psychotic disorder duration

A

1 day to 1 month

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17
Q

brief psychotic disorder triggered bt

A

extreme stress or bereavement

18
Q

behavioural genetic studies show that schizophrenia is

A

substantially heritable - 80% of the variance in schizophrenia scores is estimated to be attributable to genetic factors

19
Q

heritability

A

proportion of variance that is accounted by genetic factors in a given population

20
Q

example study of twin study

A

estimated heritability 79%

concordance rate - 33% for MZ twins and 7% for DZ` Twins

21
Q

concordance

A

presence of the same trait in both members of the pair twins

22
Q

family studies

A

first degree relatives are 18 times are likely to develop schizophrenia

23
Q

gottesman

A

MZ- 48%

DZ-17%

24
Q

The genain quadruplets

A

all four developed schizophrenia

25
Q

genes associated with schizophrenia

A

COMT, BDNF, DRD2

26
Q

COMT

A

associated with executive functioning that rely on prefrontal cortex

27
Q

BDNF

A

brain derived neurotrophic factor is critical for the survival of the CNS

28
Q

drd2

A

dopamine receptor d2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRD2 gene

29
Q

genome wide association study

A

GWAS - hypothesis free methods to identify associations between genetic regions -loci and traits- genetics

30
Q

enlarged lateral ventricles

A

fluid filled spaces - implies loss of Brian cells - social behavioural and emotional deficits

31
Q

decreased prefrontal Brain function

A

important in language , emotional expression , planning and carrying out plans

32
Q

hippocampus

A

learning and emotions

33
Q

amygdala

A

emotional response , decision making

34
Q

thalamus

A

relaying sensory and motor signals

35
Q

reduced

A

grey matter and volume evident

36
Q

birth complications

A

perinatal hypoxia

prenatal viral exposure

37
Q

perinatal hypoxia

A

oxygen deprivation at birth- as many as 30% of people with schizophrenia have a history of this

38
Q

prenatal viral exposure

A

rates were higher when mother had flu in second trimester- critical period of development of CNS

39
Q

viral infections

A

mothers immune system to be more active- negatively impact development of brain cells and dopamine systems in the foetus

40
Q

dopamine theory

A

disorder due to excess levels of dopamine

41
Q

drugs that alleviate symptoms

A

reduce dopamine activity. if induces - increase dopamine- induce psychosis

Brain and behaviour term 1 (36 decks)

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