lecture 5

Question 1

schizophrenia

Answer 1

hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thought and emotional dysfunction

Question 2

parkinsons disease

Answer 2

movement disorder

trembling, slowness, rigidity, problems initiating voluntary movements

Question 3

therapy for schizophrenia

Answer 3

antipsychotic drugs

Question 4

side effects of drugs for schizophrenia

Answer 4

Parkinsonism

Question 5

therapy for Parkinson’s disease

Answer 5

l-dopa - precursor of dopamine

Question 6

possible side effects of drugs for Parkinson’s

Answer 6

psychotic disorder

Question 7

acetylcholine

Answer 7

activates muscle fibre - muscle contraction

Question 8

dopamine

Answer 8

voluntary movement , action planning, control

Question 9

noradrenalin

Answer 9

increases vigilance and readiness to act

Question 10

serotonin

Answer 10

calming , reduces impulsive behaviour

Question 11

NT can bind to a

Answer 11

range of specific receptors

Question 12

at different synapses

Answer 12

the same NT can have different effects

Question 13

neurotransmitter synthesis

Answer 13

NT’S are often complex molecules that cannot be stored in large amounts
need to be constantly synthesised

Question 14

drug

Answer 14

a substance that even in small quantities has major effects on bodily functions

Question 15

psychoactive drug

Answer 15

a drug that affects the CNS and alters alertness, perceptual , cognitive and emotional processes

Question 16

all psychoactive drugs

Answer 16

interfere with the brains neurotransmitter systems

Question 17

four functional categories

Answer 17

stimulants, depressants , analgesics , hallucinogens

Question 18

stimulants

Answer 18

increase neural activity or bodily functions

Question 19

depressants

Answer 19

decrease neural activity or bodily functions

Question 20

analgesics

Answer 20

relieve pain

Question 21

hallucinogens

Answer 21

cause hallucinations

Question 22

all of these have strong

Answer 22

euphoric effects - create a sense of intense well being

Question 23

direct interference - post synaptic receptor sites

Answer 23

are specific to NT molecular structure

Question 24

agonists DIRECT

Answer 24

mimic action of their NT- bind to receptor and open channel

Question 25

antagonists DIRECT

Answer 25

prevent action of their NT | block the receptor - no NT bind but don't open the channel

Question 26

indirect interference

Answer 26

interfere with production , release, removal of NT'S

Question 27

agonists INDIRECT

Answer 27

increase availability of NT increase production or prevent reuptake making it more likely that the gate will open

Question 28

antagonists INDIRECT

Answer 28

decrease availability of NT | Disrupt production processes- making it less likely that the gate will open

Question 29

why do drugs produce systematic effects - not random ones

Answer 29

neurons are not distributed randomly- they form systematic , anatomical pathways

Question 30

two ways to identify pathways

Answer 30

anatomically and chemically

Question 31

anatomically

Answer 31

nigro- striatum pathway begins in the substantial nigra and ends in the striatum starting to end point

Question 32

chemically

Answer 32

dopaminergic pathway | uses dopamine throughout all stages

Question 33

dopaminergic nigro striatum pathway

Answer 33

involved in motor control

Question 34

dopaminergic meso limbic cortical pathway

Answer 34

involved in emotion , memory , planning and control

Question 35

schizophrenia is associated with

Answer 35

over activity in the mess limbic cortical pathway | too much dopamine/ hypersensitive dopamine receptors

Question 36

parkinsons disease

Answer 36

caused by degeneration of the substantia nigra under activity in the NS pathway lack of dopamine

Question 37

treatment for schizophrenia antipsychotic drugs-

Answer 37

dopamine antagonists- meso limbic cortical system returns to normal levels of activity

Question 38

psychopharmacology

Answer 38

why can't we target the drug to stay in one pathway | target structures differ in distribution of dopamine receptor subtypes