lecture 8

Question 1

threat conditioning

Answer 1

key empirical tool for studying how the brain Kearns to organise responses to danger and threats

Question 2

auditory threat conditioning circuitry

Answer 2

auditory receptors transmit signals to neurons in the brainstem auditory nuclei

Question 3

for learning to take place

Answer 3

signals evoked by the two stimuli need to be brought together

Question 4

CS and US converges into the

Answer 4

amygdala specifically the lateral nuclei - LA

Question 5

LA sends signals to the

Answer 5

central nucleus

Question 6

central nucleus sends signals to regions that

Answer 6

generate responses

CG, LG, PVH

Question 7

CG

Answer 7

Central grey area generates freezing

Question 8

LG

Answer 8

lateral hypothalamus generates autonomic responses

Question 9

PVH

Answer 9

paraventricular hypothalamus generates endocrine response

Question 10

LA is where

Answer 10

CS and US information is brought together - possible site for changes in synaptic strength - memory

Question 11

LA damage

Answer 11

prevents CR acquisition - unable to detect relationship

Question 12

LA is the major site of

Answer 12

learning and memory in threat conditioning

Question 13

amygdala is activated when a

Answer 13

person is unaware of the threatening stimulus

Question 14

amnesic patients

Answer 14

damaged hippocampus

CR’S acquired but no declarative memory

Question 15

hippocampus intact but amygdala damaged

Answer 15

CR’s not acquired but there is declarative memory

Question 16

amygdalae are not

Answer 16

responsible for generating emotional feelings

feelings must be generated in the cerebra Cortex

Question 17

what role does the cortex play in threat conditioning

Answer 17

sensory cortical areas are important for fine discriminations between CS’S

Question 18

subcortical circuit is responsible for

Answer 18

quick responses to threatening stimuli

Question 19

sensory cortex responsible for

Answer 19

discrimination between stimuli of similar type

Question 20

amygdala is the primary site of the

Answer 20

learned changes that result from threat conditioning

Question 21

hippocampus is critical for

Answer 21

contextual learning - learning about CS-US contingency

Question 22

threat conditioning occurs in a particular context associated with the

Answer 22

aversive US

Question 23

contextual cues alone can

Answer 23

evoke CR’s

Question 24

contextual effects are reduced/absent if the hippocampus

Answer 24

is damaged- hippocampal input to the amygdala

Question 25

cortex is responsible for

Answer 25

feelings - feelings of fear are elicited by CS’s following training

Question 26

extinction does not

Answer 26

erase prior learning

inhibitory pathway is activated - both acquisition and retention requires the cortex

Question 27

subcortical circuit acts quickly to put the body in a state of

Answer 27

readiness to deal with upcoming danger

Question 28

cortical components

Answer 28

slow with discriminate / identification ability - determine whether the response is worth responding to

Question 29

functionally specialised

Answer 29

regions are duplicated in the two halves and serve the same function

Question 30

functional localisation

Answer 30

if a particular function is carried our only in one specific region

Question 31

functional lateralisation

Answer 31

particular function is carried out in one side of the CNS but not in the other