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Biol 1190 > lecture 9 > Flashcards

lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

arthroses

A

sites of contact between bones

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2
Q

arthrology

A

study of joints

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3
Q

3 classifications of joints

A

synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous

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4
Q

fibrous joint (AC?, CT?)

A

no AC, dense irregular CT

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5
Q

cartilaginous joint (AC?, CT)

A

no AC, cartilage

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6
Q

synovial joint (AC?, CT?)

A

has an AC, dense irregular CT

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7
Q

fibrous joints facts (3)

A
  • generally immobile
  • 2 types (sutures, syndemoses)
  • dense irregular
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8
Q

examples of fibrous joints

A

sutures - coronal suture
syndesmoses - cone shaped joint for teeth (gomphosis)

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9
Q

sutures become synarthroses, what are these?

A

connective tissue that has been ossified (ossified suture)

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10
Q

syndesmoses

A

thick and long strip of dense irregular CT
(eg, interosseous membrane/ligaments)

gomphosis - cone shaped joint between teeth and mandible/maxilla

slightly mobile (more that sutures)

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11
Q

gomphosis

A

type of syndesmoses

cone shaped joint between teeth and mandible/maxilla

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12
Q

cartilaginous joints facts

A

bones joined by cartilage
no articular cavity
2 types (synchondroses, symphyses)

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13
Q

synchondroses

A

connects bone with hyaline or fibrocartilage
(eg. sternocostal cartilage between ribs)

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14
Q

epiphyseal cartilage (what is it made of)

A

hyaline cartilage permitting bone growth

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15
Q

symphyses (what is under fibrocartilage at the joint?)

A

held by fibrocartilage
bone still covered in hyaline cartilage at articular surfaces
(eg. pubic symphysis)

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16
Q

synovial joints facts (3)
(last one, waht are teh covered in?)

A
  • distinguished by presence of articular cavity between bones
  • bones covered in articular cartilage
  • freely movable
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17
Q

articular cavity

A

only found in synovial joints
bounded by articular capsule
secretes lubricating fluid (synovial fluid)
has fibrous layer

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18
Q

articular capsule

A

bounds articular cavity
2 layers (fibrous layer, synovial membrane)

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19
Q

fibrous layer of articular capsule
(what is it made of)

A

dense irregular CT
attaches to periosteum
forms ligaments and some joints

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20
Q

synovial membrane of articular capsule
(what is it made of and what does it do)

A

areolar CT
secretes synovial fluid

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21
Q

what does synovial fluid do?
(what it nourishes, contains, and does)

A

nourishes chondrocytes, contains O2 and contains immune cells, reduces friction, absorbs shock

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22
Q

other components of synovial joints (2)

A

accessory ligaments - provide extra support
(eg. contralateral ligament of the knee)

articular discs / minisci - fibrocariilage padding to the inside surface of the capsule, absorbs shock

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23
Q

bursae

A

reduce friction between moving structures
have fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

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24
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursae

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25
Q

tendons sheaths

A

tube shaped bursae

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26
Q

only freely movable joints

A

synovial joints

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27
Q

4 categories of movement

A

gliding
angular movement
rotation
special

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28
Q

gliding movement

A

bones that slide back/forth + side/side
no change in angel between articulating bones
(Eg. intercarpal joints)

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29
Q

angular movement

A

increase/decrease angles between articulating bones
includes: flexion, extension, etc

30
Q

flexion

A

decrease in angle between articulating bones

31
Q

extension

A

increase in angle between articulating bones

32
Q

lateral flexion

A

decrease in angle between bones in the coronal plane

33
Q

abduction

A

movement of bone away from midline

34
Q

adduction

A

movement of bone toward midline

35
Q

circumduction

A

movement around of joint to move the distal part of a limb in a circle

combined flexion extension abduction and adduction

36
Q

hyperextention

A

extension of a joint beyond anatomical position
(eg. tilting the neck back)

37
Q

rotation

A

turning of a bone along longitudinal axis
can be medial or lateral in limbs

38
Q

special movements (joints + meaning)

A

unique to specific joints

mandible:
elevated - moved upward
depressed - moved downward
protracted - moved forward
retracted - moved backward

hands/feet:
dorsiflexion - bending toward shin
plantar flexion - pointing toes
inversion - turning sole to midline
eversion - turning sole away from midline
supination - turning palm to the sky
pronation - turning palm to floor
opposition - movement of pollex to touch the other fingers

39
Q

6 types of synovial joints

A

plane
hinge
pivot
condyloid
saddle
ball and socket

40
Q

plane joint

A

permits gliding
biaxial movement
(ex. intercarpal/tarsal joints)

41
Q

hinge joint

A

permits flexion/extension
uniaxial movement
usually one bone is fixed and the other moves
(eg, knee joint, elbow joint)

42
Q

pivot joints

A

uniaxial movement
rounded surface of bone fitted to a ring of a ligament or other bone
(Eg, radioulnar joint, atlanto-axial joint0

43
Q

condyloid joint

A

aka ellipsoid joints
permits biaxial movement
flex/extend/ad/adduction/circumduction
(eg, radiocarpal joint)

44
Q

saddle joint

A

one bone looks like a saddle/ the other a rider
biaxial movement
flex/ex/ad/ab/circ
(eg, carpometacarpal joint between trapezium and pollex)

45
Q

ball / socket joint

A

ball shaped projection fits into cup depression
triaxial movement
flex/ex/ab/ad/circ/rotation
(eg, shoulder, hip joint)

46
Q

which joint permits the greatest mobility

A

ball and socket joint

47
Q

temporomandibular joint (combo of …)

A

only free movable joint in skull
combination of hinge and plane joint

48
Q

special joints

A

temporomandiublar joint
glenohumeral joint
elbow joint
coxal/hip joint
knee joint

49
Q

temporomandibular joint

A
  • special joint
  • only free movable joint in the skull
  • combination of hinge and plane joint
  • has meniscus that divides synovial cavity into superior and inferior portions
50
Q

superior portion of mandibular meniscus

A

permits slight rotation, lateral, displacement, protraction and retraction

top half of synovial cavity

divided by articular disc

51
Q

inferior portion of mandibular meniscus

A

permits depression and elevation

bottom half of synovial cavity

divided by articular disc

52
Q

glenohumeral joint

A
  • ball and socket
  • thin/loose articular capsule, important for ROM
  • glenoid labrum - fibro rim of glenoid cavity, increases surface area with humerus
  • bursae - 4 pads to absorb shock and reduce friction
53
Q

elbow joint

A

known as a modified hinge joint (distal end of humerus + ulna, includes pivot joint)
- collateral ligaments - extras that form strong connections between humerus + R and U
- anular ligament - ring like ligament that holds radial head to radial notch of ulna
- bursa at olecranon

54
Q

coxal joint

A

ball and socket
- very stable due to # and arrangement of ligaments
- thick articular capsule
- acetabular labrum - fibro lip that prevents dislocation of femur
- lots of extra ligaments - limits ROM but more stable

55
Q

knee joint

A

modified hinge (3 joints in one synovial cavity)
- lateral and medial joint - tibia and fibula
- anterior patellafemoral joint
- no articular capsule - muscle tendons serve same function
- cruciate ligaments - X ligaments
- collateral ligaments - side ligaments
- 2 menisci
- few bursae - infrapatellar bursa

56
Q

glenoid labrum

A

fibrocartilage lip of the glenoid cavity that increases surface area in contact with humeral head

57
Q

collateral ligaments

A

accessory ligaments that form strong connections between humerus radius or ulna

run alongside the joint, elbow and knee mainly

58
Q

anular ligament

A

ring like ligament that holds radial head to radial notch of ulna, part of the pivot joint

59
Q

acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartilage lip of the acetabulum that prevents displacement of femoral head

60
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

“front and centre” ligament

61
Q

PCL

A

posterior cruciate ligament

behind ACL

62
Q

arthritis

A
  • osteoarthritis
  • progressive loss. of articular cartilage
  • results in increased friction between bones
63
Q

sprains

A

forceful stretching or tearing of ligament
- no bone dislocation

64
Q

strains

A

partially torn or stretched muscle or tendon
PRICE treatment - protection rest ice compression elevation

65
Q

synostosis vs synarthrosis

A

synostosis - a type of synarthrosis, an ossified bone or suture

synarthrosis - any immobile/immovable joint

66
Q

opposition

A

ability to touch fingers with pollex

67
Q

what group of joints do sydesmoses belong to

A

fibrous

68
Q

what group of joints do sutures belong to

A

fibrous

69
Q

what group of joints do synchondroses belong to

A

cartilagenous

70
Q

what group of joints do gomphoses belong to

A

fibrous

71
Q

what group of joints do symphyses belong to

A

cartilagenous

72
Q

example of synchondrosis

A

first sternocostal joint between first rib and sternum

Biol 1190 (31 decks)

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