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Biol 1190 > lab 4 > Flashcards

lab 4 Flashcards

1
Q

central canal

A

contains blood vessels and nerves. is the hole in the middle of the osteon

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2
Q

lacunae

A

space in the ECM occupied by osteocytes

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3
Q

osteocytes (4)

A

mature bone cells. reside in lacunae. do not divide or secrete. acquire nutrients and eliminate waste

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4
Q

concentric lamellae

A

rings of ECM surrounding a central canal.

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5
Q

canalicuni

A

permit communication between osteocytes. are branches that come off osteocytes in search of nutrients

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6
Q

trabeculae

A

structural unit of spongy bone tissue. arranged along areas of stress

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7
Q

how do osteo blasts, cytes, and clasts, work tgt to maintain skeletal system?

A

blasts secret collagen and become immobilized in it, and become cytes. cytes require nutrients and eliminate waste. clasts catalize bone by secreting lysosomal enzymes that release minerals into the blood. bone is remodeled a lot, and bone must undergo bone resorption by clasts, and formation by blasts

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8
Q

areas where spongy bone is found

A

ends of long bones, in skull bones, in ribs, etc

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9
Q

how to osteocytes of spongy bone get nutrients if there is no central canal?

A

epiphyseal and metaphyseal arteries and vessels

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10
Q

red marrow

A

found in the spaces between spongy bone, contain blood stem cells, can produce WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

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11
Q

yellow marrow

A

found in the medullary cavity of long bones, contains tryglycerides

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12
Q

epiphysis

A

knobby ends of bones, contain red marrow/spongy bone

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13
Q

diaphysis / shaft

A

bone shaft, contains medullary cavity

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14
Q

metaphysis

A

neck portion of the bone between epiphysis and diaphysis

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15
Q

periosteum

A

outer covering of bones (where ligaments and tendons attach to)

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16
Q

endosteum

A

membrane that lines medullary cavity (made of single layer of osteocytes and thin layer of CT)

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17
Q

epiphyseal line/plate

A

where bones grow lengthwise via interstitial growth. at maturity, the plate becomes a line and growth stops

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18
Q

4 functions of skeletal system

A

provide structure
protect organs
produce RBCs etc
allows movement

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19
Q

foramen

A

opening where blood vessels, nerves, and ligament can pass through

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20
Q

fossa

A

shallow dip/depression

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21
Q

meatus

A

tube like opening

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22
Q

process

A

projection that forms joints or attachments to CT

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23
Q

condyle

A

round protuberance with a smooth surface at the bottom

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24
Q

crest

A

prominent ridge

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25
Q

facet

A

smooth flat convex or concave surface

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26
Q

head

A

usually rounded projection supported on a neck

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27
Q

supraorbital foramen

A

foramen above the eyes in the frontal bone

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28
Q

crista galli

A

top part of the ethmoid

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29
Q

cribriform plate

A

supports olfactory bulb, top of nasal cavity

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30
Q

perpendicular plate

A

above the vomer

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31
Q

olfactory foramina

A

holes in the ethmoid

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32
Q

occipital condyle

A

two condyle that can be seen from the inferior view of the skull, connects to vertebral column

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33
Q

foramen magnum

A

hole in the bottom of the skull for the spine

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34
Q

mandibular fossa

A

where the condylar process forms a joint with the temporal bone

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35
Q

styloid process

A

small spine coming out of the temporal bone, hyoid bone is suspended from it

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36
Q

mastoid process

A

protruding part of the temporal bone where several muscles attach

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37
Q

external auditory meatus

A

ear canal

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38
Q

condylar process

A

top of the mandible where it forms a join with the temporal bone

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39
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

hole in the maxillae for nerves and vessels

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40
Q

palatine process

A

small protruding part on the roof of the mouth

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41
Q

bones that make up the orbits

A

Sphenoid.
Frontal.
Zygomatic.
Ethmoid.
Lacrimal.
Maxilla.
Palatine.

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42
Q

bones that make up the hard palate

A

maxillae and palatine

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43
Q

bones that make up the nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and the vomer

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44
Q

bones that form the zygomatic arch?

A

temporal, zygomatic

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45
Q

lambdoid suture

A

base of the head across

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46
Q

squamous suture

A

sides of the head front to back

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47
Q

anterior fontanel

A

top of the skull connect point, vision stone

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48
Q

posterior fontanel

A

back of the skull connect point

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49
Q

anterolateral fontanel

A

front sides connect point

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50
Q

posterolateral fontanel

A

back sides connect point

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51
Q

2 functions of the paranasal sinuses

A

lighten the head
make mucus

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52
Q

hyoid bone muscle connection

A

the tongue

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53
Q

order of the ear bones

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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54
Q

body / centrum

A

main portion, weight baring part

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55
Q

vertebral foramen

A

hole in the middle

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56
Q

transverse process

A

bone extensions on the sides

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57
Q

spinous process

A

single extension out the back (only bone that doesnt have one is the atlas)

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58
Q

superior articular process

A

attachment point to above vertebrae

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59
Q

inferior articular process

A

attachment point to below vertebrae

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60
Q

facets on superior and inferior articular processess

A

surfaces that connect two vertebrae together

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61
Q

what bones allow you to nod your head yes

A

atlas and occipital

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62
Q

which bones allow you to shake your head no

A

atlas and axis

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63
Q

bifid spinous process

A

unique to cervical vertebrae, two pronged spinous process

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64
Q

how to identify cervical vertebrae

A

two transverse foramen, smaller that others, thin spinous process, bifid spinous process

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65
Q

atlas

A

first vertebrae, lacks spinous process and body

66
Q

axis

A

second vertebrae, has dens (peg like process)

67
Q

how to identify thoracic vertebrae

A

look for rib facets (has superior and inferior demifacets)

68
Q

how to identify lumbar vertebrae

A

largest, short and thick processes

69
Q

sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae at the bottom of the spine

70
Q

sacral hiatus

A

termination point of the sacrum

71
Q

coccyx

A

formed by the union of 3-5 bones, is the tail bone

72
Q

number of vertebrae with regions

A

cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5

73
Q

thoracic cage components

A

sternum, ribs, costal cartilage

74
Q

sternum parts

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

75
Q

jugular notch

A

middle notch in the sternum

76
Q

clavicular notches

A

side notches in the sternum

77
Q

true ribs

A

first 7 pairs of ribs, attach to costal cartilage directly

78
Q

false ribs

A

last 5 ribs, do not directly attach to sternum

79
Q

floating ribs

A

last 2 ribs that do not attach to sternum at all

80
Q

costal cartilage is made of _____

A

hyaline cartilage

81
Q

contains blood vessels and nerves. is the hole in the middle of the osteon

A

central canal

82
Q

space in the ECM occupied by osteocytes

83
Q

mature bone cells. reside in lacunae. do not divide or secrete. acquire nutrients and eliminate waste

A

osteocytes (4)

84
Q

rings of ECM surrounding a central canal.

A

concentric lamellae

85
Q

permit communication between osteocytes. are branches that come off osteocytes in search of nutrients

A

canalicuni

86
Q

structural unit of spongy bone tissue. arranged along areas of stress

A

trabeculae

87
Q

blasts secret collagen and become immobilized in it, and become cytes. cytes require nutrients and eliminate waste. clasts catalize bone by secreting lysosomal enzymes that release minerals into the blood. bone is remodeled a lot, and bone must undergo bone resorption by clasts, and formation by blasts

A

how do osteo blasts, cytes, and clasts, work tgt to maintain skeletal system?

88
Q

ends of long bones, in skull bones, in ribs, etc

A

areas where spongy bone is found

89
Q

epiphyseal and metaphyseal arteries and vessels

A

how to osteocytes of spongy bone get nutrients if there is no central canal?

90
Q

found in the spaces between spongy bone, contain blood stem cells, can produce WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

A

red marrow

91
Q

found in the medullary cavity of long bones, contains tryglycerides

A

yellow marrow

92
Q

knobby ends of bones, contain red marrow/spongy bone

93
Q

bone shaft, contains medullary cavity

A

diaphysis / shaft

94
Q

neck portion of the bone between epiphysis and diaphysis

A

metaphysis

95
Q

outer covering of bones (where ligaments and tendons attach to)

A

periosteum

96
Q

membrane that lines medullary cavity (made of single layer of osteocytes and thin layer of CT)

97
Q

where bones grow lengthwise via interstitial growth. at maturity, the plate becomes a line and growth stops

A

epiphyseal line/plate

98
Q

provide structure
protect organs
produce RBCs etc
allows movement

A

4 functions of skeletal system

99
Q

opening where blood vessels, nerves, and ligament can pass through

100
Q

shallow dip/depression

101
Q

tube like opening

102
Q

projection that forms joints or attachments to CT

103
Q

round protuberance with a smooth surface at the bottom

104
Q

prominent ridge

105
Q

smooth flat convex or concave surface

106
Q

usually rounded projection supported on a neck

107
Q

foramen above the eyes in the frontal bone

A

supraorbital foramen

108
Q

top part of the ethmoid

A

crista galli

109
Q

supports olfactory bulb, top of nasal cavity

A

cribriform plate

110
Q

above the vomer

A

perpendicular plate

111
Q

holes in the ethmoid

A

olfactory foramina

112
Q

two condyle that can be seen from the inferior view of the skull, connects to vertebral column

A

occipital condyle

113
Q

hole in the bottom of the skull for the spine

A

foramen magnum

114
Q

where the condylar process forms a joint with the temporal bone

A

mandibular fossa

115
Q

small spine coming out of the temporal bone, hyoid bone is suspended from it

A

styloid process

116
Q

protruding part of the temporal bone where several muscles attach

A

mastoid process

117
Q

ear canal

A

external auditory meatus

118
Q

top of the mandible where it forms a join with the temporal bone

A

condylar process

119
Q

hole in the maxillae for nerves and vessels

A

infraorbital foramen

120
Q

small protruding part on the roof of the mouth

A

palatine process

121
Q

Sphenoid.
Frontal.
Zygomatic.
Ethmoid.
Lacrimal.
Maxilla.
Palatine.

A

bones that make up the orbits

122
Q

maxillae and palatine

A

bones that make up the hard palate

123
Q

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and the vomer

A

bones that make up the nasal septum

124
Q

temporal, zygomatic

A

bones that form the zygomatic arch?

125
Q

base of the head across

A

lambdoid suture

126
Q

sides of the head front to back

A

squamous suture

127
Q

top of the skull connect point, vision stone

A

anterior fontanel

128
Q

back of the skull connect point

A

posterior fontanel

129
Q

front sides connect point

A

anterolateral fontanel

130
Q

back sides connect point

A

posterolateral fontanel

131
Q

lighten the head
make mucus

A

2 functions of the paranasal sinuses

132
Q

the tongue

A

hyoid bone muscle connection

133
Q

malleus, incus, stapes

A

order of the ear bones

134
Q

main portion, weight baring part

A

body / centrum

135
Q

hole in the middle

A

vertebral foramen

136
Q

bone extensions on the sides

A

transverse process

137
Q

single extension out the back (only bone that doesnt have one is the atlas)

A

spinous process

138
Q

attachment point to above vertebrae

A

superior articular process

139
Q

attachment point to below vertebrae

A

inferior articular process

140
Q

surfaces that connect two vertebrae together

A

facets on superior and inferior articular processess

141
Q

atlas and occipital

A

what bones allow you to nod your head yes

142
Q

atlas and axis

A

which bones allow you to shake your head no

143
Q

unique to cervical vertebrae, two pronged spinous process

A

bifid spinous process

144
Q

two transverse foramen, smaller that others, thin spinous process, bifid spinous process

A

how to identify cervical vertebrae

145
Q

first vertebrae, lacks spinous process and body

146
Q

second vertebrae, has dens (peg like process)

147
Q

look for rib facets (has superior and inferior demifacets)

A

how to identify thoracic vertebrae

148
Q

largest, short and thick processes

A

how to identify lumbar vertebrae

149
Q

5 fused vertebrae at the bottom of the spine

150
Q

termination point of the sacrum

A

sacral hiatus

151
Q

formed by the union of 3-5 bones, is the tail bone

152
Q

cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5

A

number of vertebrae with regions

153
Q

sternum, ribs, costal cartilage

A

thoracic cage components

154
Q

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

A

sternum parts

155
Q

middle notch in the sternum

A

jugular notch

156
Q

side notches in the sternum

A

clavicular notches

157
Q

first 7 pairs of ribs, attach to costal cartilage directly

158
Q

last 5 ribs, do not directly attach to sternum

A

false ribs

159
Q

last 2 ribs that do not attach to sternum at all

A

floating ribs

160
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

costal cartilage is made of _____

Biol 1190 (31 decks)

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