lab 4 Flashcards
central canal
contains blood vessels and nerves. is the hole in the middle of the osteon
lacunae
space in the ECM occupied by osteocytes
osteocytes (4)
mature bone cells. reside in lacunae. do not divide or secrete. acquire nutrients and eliminate waste
concentric lamellae
rings of ECM surrounding a central canal.
canalicuni
permit communication between osteocytes. are branches that come off osteocytes in search of nutrients
trabeculae
structural unit of spongy bone tissue. arranged along areas of stress
how do osteo blasts, cytes, and clasts, work tgt to maintain skeletal system?
blasts secret collagen and become immobilized in it, and become cytes. cytes require nutrients and eliminate waste. clasts catalize bone by secreting lysosomal enzymes that release minerals into the blood. bone is remodeled a lot, and bone must undergo bone resorption by clasts, and formation by blasts
areas where spongy bone is found
ends of long bones, in skull bones, in ribs, etc
how to osteocytes of spongy bone get nutrients if there is no central canal?
epiphyseal and metaphyseal arteries and vessels
red marrow
found in the spaces between spongy bone, contain blood stem cells, can produce WBCs, RBCs, and platelets
yellow marrow
found in the medullary cavity of long bones, contains tryglycerides
epiphysis
knobby ends of bones, contain red marrow/spongy bone
diaphysis / shaft
bone shaft, contains medullary cavity
metaphysis
neck portion of the bone between epiphysis and diaphysis
periosteum
outer covering of bones (where ligaments and tendons attach to)
endosteum
membrane that lines medullary cavity (made of single layer of osteocytes and thin layer of CT)
epiphyseal line/plate
where bones grow lengthwise via interstitial growth. at maturity, the plate becomes a line and growth stops
4 functions of skeletal system
provide structure
protect organs
produce RBCs etc
allows movement
foramen
opening where blood vessels, nerves, and ligament can pass through
fossa
shallow dip/depression
meatus
tube like opening
process
projection that forms joints or attachments to CT
condyle
round protuberance with a smooth surface at the bottom
crest
prominent ridge
facet
smooth flat convex or concave surface
head
usually rounded projection supported on a neck
supraorbital foramen
foramen above the eyes in the frontal bone
crista galli
top part of the ethmoid
cribriform plate
supports olfactory bulb, top of nasal cavity
perpendicular plate
above the vomer
olfactory foramina
holes in the ethmoid
occipital condyle
two condyle that can be seen from the inferior view of the skull, connects to vertebral column
foramen magnum
hole in the bottom of the skull for the spine
mandibular fossa
where the condylar process forms a joint with the temporal bone
styloid process
small spine coming out of the temporal bone, hyoid bone is suspended from it
mastoid process
protruding part of the temporal bone where several muscles attach
external auditory meatus
ear canal
condylar process
top of the mandible where it forms a join with the temporal bone
infraorbital foramen
hole in the maxillae for nerves and vessels
palatine process
small protruding part on the roof of the mouth
bones that make up the orbits
Sphenoid.
Frontal.
Zygomatic.
Ethmoid.
Lacrimal.
Maxilla.
Palatine.
bones that make up the hard palate
maxillae and palatine
bones that make up the nasal septum
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and the vomer
bones that form the zygomatic arch?
temporal, zygomatic
lambdoid suture
base of the head across
squamous suture
sides of the head front to back
anterior fontanel
top of the skull connect point, vision stone
posterior fontanel
back of the skull connect point
anterolateral fontanel
front sides connect point
posterolateral fontanel
back sides connect point
2 functions of the paranasal sinuses
lighten the head
make mucus
hyoid bone muscle connection
the tongue
order of the ear bones
malleus, incus, stapes
body / centrum
main portion, weight baring part
vertebral foramen
hole in the middle
transverse process
bone extensions on the sides
spinous process
single extension out the back (only bone that doesnt have one is the atlas)
superior articular process
attachment point to above vertebrae
inferior articular process
attachment point to below vertebrae
facets on superior and inferior articular processess
surfaces that connect two vertebrae together
what bones allow you to nod your head yes
atlas and occipital
which bones allow you to shake your head no
atlas and axis
bifid spinous process
unique to cervical vertebrae, two pronged spinous process
how to identify cervical vertebrae
two transverse foramen, smaller that others, thin spinous process, bifid spinous process
