lecture 8

Question 1

functions of appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

anchors limbs to axial skeleton

attaches to skeletal muscle

Question 2

how does the body move?

Answer 2

together, skeletal muscle and appendicular skeleton move the limbs

Question 3

function of pectoral girdle

Answer 3

attaches the arm to the axial skeleton

Question 4

clavicle (3)

Answer 4

• makes up anterior portion of pelvic girdle
• joints the sternum at sternoclavicular joint
• is the only direct connection between pelvic girdle and axial skeleton

Question 5

scapula

Answer 5

• forms posterior part of pectoral girdle
• acromion - high point of shoulder
• articulates with clavicle at acrominocalvicular joint

Question 6

spine of scapula

Answer 6

thick ridge that extends inferiorly and medially from the acromion (posterior)

Question 7

coracoid process

Answer 7

lateral and superior projection on the scapular that serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments arms and chest

Question 8

glenoid cavity

Answer 8

depression that accommodates the humeral head

Question 9

upper arm (# of bones, bone make up)

Answer 9

30 bones
humerous
radius and ulna
carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 10

humeral head

Answer 10

round epiphysis of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity of scapula

Question 11

glenohumeral joint

Answer 11

where the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Question 12

ulna

Answer 12

medial and longest forearm bone
- head of the ulna is distal, joined to wrist by fibrocartilage

Question 13

olecranon

Answer 13

projection at the proximal end of ulnas

Question 14

radius

Answer 14

lateral bone of forearm
- shorter that ulna
- head is at proximal end, articulates with humerus and ulna
- distal end articulates with ulna and carpals

Question 15

how are the radius and ulna joined?

Answer 15

1. joints at epiphyses
   - two proximal joints, one distal joint
2. interosseous membrane
   - fibrous CT that joins diaphyses

Question 16

what joints make up the wrist / carpals

Answer 16

radiocarpal, radioulnar

Question 17

main bone broken in wrist fractures

Answer 17

scaphoid

Question 18

metacarpals

Answer 18

head = knuckles
numbered 1-5, thumb to pinkie

Question 19

phalanges

Answer 19

thumb = pollex
numbered 1-5, thumb to pinkie

Question 20

functions of the pelvic girdle

Answer 20

• joins lower limbs to axial skeleton
• stabilizes portion of axial skeleton during leg movement
• protects reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs

Question 21

coxal bones

Answer 21

ilium
ischium
pubis

Question 22

ilium

Answer 22

acetabulum - depression that accommodates femoral head
iliac crest - superior lateral border of the coxal bones
sciatic notch - nestles longest nerve in body - sciatic nerve
sacroiliac joint - portion of ilium that joins the sacrum

Question 23

ischium

Answer 23

forms inferior and posterior portion of pelvic girdle
- forms part of the acetabulum
- ass bones

Question 24

pubis

Answer 24

forms anterior and inferior part of pelvic girdle
- pubic symphysis - joining of the two coxal bones
pubic arch - angle formed by inferior joining of coxal bones
obturator foramen - allows for rotation and abduction, passage of blood vessels and nerves
acetabulum

Question 25

true vs false pelvis

Answer 25

true - portion inferior to the pelvic brim
false - portion superior to pelvic brim

Question 26

pelvic brim

Answer 26

rim of “bowl” of pelvis

Question 27

the pelvic axis

Answer 27

pelvic inlet - superior opening to pelvic brim
pelvic outlet - inferior opening of pelvic brim
pelvic axis - line that separates false/true pelvis

Question 28

male vs female pelvis

Answer 28

female
- shallow and lighter
- wider coxal bones
- larger pelvic inlet/outlet
- more space in true pelvis
- pubic arch makes obtuse angle

male
- deep / heavy
- narrower coxal bones
- smaller pelvic inlet/outlet
- larger surface area for muscle attachment / joints
- public arch makes a right angle

Question 29

lower limbs (# of bones, bone makeup)

Answer 29

30 bones
femur, patella, tibia/fibula, tarsals/metatarsals/phalanges

Question 30

femur

Answer 30

longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body
- joins pelvic girdle at acetabulum
- lateral and medial condyles = distal projections that articulate with tibia and patella

Question 31

patella

Answer 31

sesamoid bone
- articulates with femur and tibia
- protects knee joints, stabilizes position when knee is bent
- increases leverage of quadriceps femoris

Question 32

tibia

Answer 32

longer of the two crural bones
- tibial tuberosity - large anterior proximal projection, point of attachment for patellar ligament
- medial malleolus - distal medial “ankle bone”

Question 33

fibula

Answer 33

smaller of the two bones (lateral)
- only articulates with the tibia and talus
- fibiotalar joint - forms lateral malleolus

Question 34

how are the tibia and fibula joined?

Answer 34

1. at epiphyses
   - proximal and distal tibiofibular joints
2. interosseous membrane
   - joins diaphysis

Question 35

the tarsus (foot)

Answer 35

formed by 7 tarsals
metatarsals numbered 1-5 medial to lateral
same with phalanges
big toe = hallux

Question 36

tarsals (2)

Answer 36

talus - articulates with fibula (lateral malleolus)
calcaneus - largest/strongest tarsal (heel bone)