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Biol 1190 > lecture 7 > Flashcards

lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

axial skeleton number of bones

A

80

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2
Q

axial skeleton components

A

facial, cranial, thoracic cage, vertebral column

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3
Q

appendicular skeleton number of bones

A

126

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4
Q

appendicular skeleton components

A

bones of the limbs, girdles that attach limbs to axial skeleton

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5
Q

the skeletal systems is _________ of the muscular system

A

interdependent, the musculoskeletal system

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6
Q

5 types of bones

A

long bones
short bones
flat bones
sesamoid bones
irregular bones

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7
Q

long bones

A

longer than they are wide
curves to absorb shock
compact in diaphysis, spongy in epiphysis
ex. humerous

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8
Q

short bones

A

nearly long as they are wide
mostly spongy bone tissue surrounded by a thin layer of compact
ex. scaphoid

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9
Q

flat bones

A

thin plates of compact bone
contain spongy bone interiors
ex. sternum

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10
Q

sesamoid bones

A

thin small bones that develop in areas in high mechanical stress, protect tendons
ex. patella

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11
Q

irregular bones

A

may be irregularly shaped of distributed
ex. vertebrae

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12
Q

two major types of surface markings

A

depressions and openings

processes, projections, or outgrowths

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13
Q

depressions and openings

A

foramina, fossae, meati

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14
Q

processes projections and attachments

A

condyles, facets, heads, crests, processes

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15
Q

functions of the skull (4)

A

protect brain
serve as points of attachment for facial muscles
forms portions of orbits, nasal, oral cavities
includes auditory ossicles

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16
Q

number of bones in the skull

A

22

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17
Q

supraorbital foramen

A

above the eye on frontal bone, provides passage for supraorbital artery and nerve

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18
Q

crista galli

A

triangular process at the top of the ethmoid, membrane that separates brain halves attaches here

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19
Q

cribriform plate

A

on ethmoid, contains olfactory foramina, provides passage for sensory structures

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20
Q

perpendicular plate

A

on ethmoid, above vomer, forms superior part of nasal septum

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21
Q

optic foramen

A

on sphenoid, allows passage of optic artery and nerve

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22
Q

zygomatic arch

A

formed by zygomatic and temporal bone, ‘cheek bones”

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23
Q

mandibular fossa

A

forms a cavity that accommodates the mandibular condyle

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24
Q

styloid process

A

on temporal, point of attachment for neck and tongue muscles

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25
Q

mastoid process

A

on temporal, point of attachment for neck muscles

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26
Q

external auditory meatus

A

on temporal, forms ear canal

27
Q

auditory ossicles in order

A

malleus, incus, stapes

28
Q

occipital condyles

A

on occipital, forms joints with atlas

29
Q

foramen magnum

A

on occipital, provides passage for spinal cord to the brain

30
Q

condylar process

A

on mandible, articulates with mandibular fossa

31
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

on maxillae, provides passage for infraorbital blood vessels and nerves

32
Q

palatine process

A

on maxillae, forms most of the hard palate

33
Q

vomer

A

form inferior portion of nasal septum

34
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

form lateral walls of nasal cavity, swirl air around to trap invaders

35
Q

8 cranial bones

A

occipital, frontal, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid

36
Q

14 facial bones

A

nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxillae, palatine, mandible, inferior nasal conchae, vomer

37
Q

bones that form the orbits (7)

A

frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxillae, palatine

38
Q

fontanels

A

soft, un ossified portions of the skull at birth made make of mesenchymal tissue, and becomes dense connective CT

39
Q

function of fontanels

A

allow brain growth, facilitate passage of newborns head through birth canal

40
Q

4 sinuses

A

ethmoidal, sphenoidal, frontal, maxillary

41
Q

what forms adams apple

A

thyroid cartilage

42
Q

4 curves of the spine

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

43
Q

curve of the cervical vertebrae is acquired after:

A

learning to hold you head up

44
Q

curve of the lumbar vertebrae is acquired after:

A

learning to walk

45
Q

intervertebral discs are made of:

A

fibrocartilage

46
Q

body of vertebrae

A

bears weight, contains nutrient foramina

47
Q

vertebral foramen

A

provides passage for the spinal cord

48
Q

superior articular process

A

articulates with inferior articular process of the vertebrae above

49
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

1-7
have C for cervical
are bifid, have transverse foramen that provide passage for vertebral artery

50
Q

atlas

A

has no body or spinous process
has large vertebrae foramen
c1

51
Q

axis

A

has large superior projection called the dens
forms atlanto axial joint

52
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

has T for thoracic
1-12 (8-20)
have larges transverse processes for the ribs
have demifacets

53
Q

anatomy of a rib

A

head - articulates with demifacets
neck - narrowed region adjacent to head
tubercle - posterior lateral projection that articulates with facets on transverse process of vertebrae

54
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

1-5 (21-26)
has L for lumbar
short and thick spinous processes as attachment point for back muscles

55
Q

sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae
articulates with pelvic girdle at sacroiliac joints

56
Q

sacral hiatus

A

inferior opening

57
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone
4 fused coccygeal vertebrae
numbered Co1-Co4

58
Q

sternum parts

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

59
Q

notches in sternum

A

suprasternal /jugular - medial
clavicular notches - sides of medial

60
Q

true ribs

A

first 7 ribs
articular with vertebrae and sternum

61
Q

false ribs

A

5 ribs that do not articulate with sternum

62
Q

costal cartilage is made of;

A

hyaline cartilage

63
Q

floating ribs

A

do not articulate with any bones anteriorly

64
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral bending of the vertebral column

Biol 1190 (31 decks)

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