lab 6 Flashcards
emigration
movement of leukocytes out of blood vessels to get to sites of injury
5 types of leukocytes
eosinophils
basophils
neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils description
description
- stain red
- nucleus bilobed (nunchucks)
- 2x larger than RBC
eosinophils function
combats effects of histamine in allergic reactions, destroy parasitic worms
basophils description
- nucleus is bilobed but very hard to tell
- may be a bit bigger than RBCs
- stains purple
basophils function
liberate histamine in allergic reactions that intensify inflammatory response
neutrophils description
- mulit lobed nucleus (sausage links)
- larger than RBCs
- not stained much
neutrophils function
phagocytize, destry bacteria
lymphocytes description
- nucleus fills whole cell (almost)
- hard to tell from basophils
lymphocyte function
- mediate immune responses
- T cells attack other cells (cancer, etc)
- natural killer cells attack infectious cells
monocytes description
- horse shoe shaped nucleus
- much larger than RBCs
monocytes function
phagocytosis (after transforming into fixed or wandering macrophages)
erythrocytes description
RBC
biconcave discs
no nucleus
erythrocytes function
transport O2 via hemoglobin
platelets descriptio
anucleate cell fragments
platelets function
form platelet plug, release chemicals that promote vascular spasm
sickle cell anemia (D and C)
sickle shaped RBCs
caused by substitution of an amino acid in hemoglobin protein of RBCs
can cause clumping of blood and breakdown of RBCs
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
when lymphocytes divide. without constraint
looks like an ungodly amount of white blood cells
can be genetic
african sleeping sickeness
an infected fly carries trypanosome in saliva which produces necrotic damage to all contacted cells
look for worm things in blood
erythroblastosis fetalis
AKA hemolytic disease of the newborn
caused when an RH- mother has a second RH+ child. newborn will have a deficiency of RBCs due to mothers antibodies entering the fetal bloodstream
look for RBCs with nucleus
hematocrit
measure of the percent of RBCs in a sample
two conditions that can result in an increased hematocrit
dehydration
lung or heart disease
two conditions that can result in a decreased hematocrit
hemolysis
vitamin/mineral deficiency
source of antibodies in the antibody-mediated immune response
B cells
antigen
are on the surface of erythrocytes
antibodies
react to specific foreign antigens, destroy them
autoimmune diseases
when your body produces antibodies for its own antigens
agglutination
clumping of RBCs due to antigen antibody reaction
clotting/coagulation
converting blood into a semisolid jelly substance
rules of the blood typing test thing
clumps = antigen is present
thats it
hypoxia
low O2 levels in tissues
hypoxemia
low O2 levels in blood
anterior interventricular sulcus
shallow groove on anterior surface of heart that marks teh boundary between right and left ventricles
coronary sinus
large sinus under right atrium (back side) that receives blood from the myocardium, empties into right atrium
ligamentum arteriorsum
ligament that attaches the pulmonary trunk with the aorta
pulmonary semilunar valve
prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk to right ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
prevents backflow of blood fro aorta to left ventricle
AV valves
atrioventricular valves
one is each bridge between atria and ventricles, tri on right, bi of left
chordae tendineae
connects tricuspid and bicuspid valves to papillary muscles to prevent cusps from swinging backward during systole
papillary muscles
cone shaped trabeculae that attach to cordae tendineae that contract to prevent inversion
fossa ovalis
remnant of foramen ovale, opening that allowed passage between left and right atria in the fetus
interatrial septum
wall between atria
opening of the coronary sinus
located in right atrium
trabeculae carnae
raised bundles of muscle that lines ventricle walls
source of serous fluid in the heart
parietal pericardium
layers of pericardium and what is between
parietal pericardium (outer)
visceral pericardium (inner)
between them is the pericardial cavity
fibrous layer of pericardium
superficial to the parietal pericardium`
function of intercalated discs
connect cardiac muscle cells, coordinate contraction
