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Biol 1190 > lab 7 > Flashcards

lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

3 mechanisms that help blood get back to the heart

A

valves
skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

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2
Q

how blood gets back to the heart (valves)

A

valves permit blood flow in only one direction

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3
Q

how blood gets bakc to the heart (Skeletal muscle pump)

A

compression of the blood vessels by skeletal muscle squeezes blood towards the heart

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4
Q

how blood gets back to the heart (respiratory pump)

A

contraction of the diaphragm compresses abdominal veins which moves blood to the thoracic cavity, valves then prevent backflow of that blood

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5
Q

why do arteries have a thicker muscle layer?

A

they adjust their diameter to maintain blood pressure

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6
Q

what type of epitehlium lines blood vessels

A

simple squamous

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7
Q

cerebral arterial circle components

A

anterior cerebral
anterior communicating
posterior cerebral
posterior communicating

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8
Q

internal jugular vein

A

big veins coming down, matching artery is common carotid

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9
Q

external jugular vein

A

smaller veins coming down, in same spot as vertebral artery

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10
Q

largest vein in the body

A

inferior vena cava

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11
Q

how many hepatic veins are there

A

3

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12
Q

hepatic portal vein blood pathway

A

carried blood from the intestines, stomach, spleen, pancreas, and gall bladder to the liver

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13
Q

cephalic vein

A

superior branch off of subclavian vein right before axillary vein

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14
Q

brachial vein

A

superior branch off of axillary vein

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15
Q

basalic vein

A

inferior branch off of axillary vein

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16
Q

great saphenous

A

medial split off of external iliac /femoral

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17
Q

function of cerebral arterial circle

A

provides alternate pathways in case of impaired bloodflow

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18
Q

5 organs the celiac trunk supplies blood to

A

stomach, spleen, pancreas, intestines, gallbladder

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19
Q

why is blood in the hepatic portal vein taken to the liver first?

A

hepatic portal viens sends nutrient rich blood from gastrointestinal tract to the liver before returning to the heart

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20
Q

non functional fetal systems

A

digestive and pulmonary

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21
Q

placenta

A

develops on uterine wall during pregnancy, allows for blood to leave and enter fetus

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22
Q

umbilical arteries

A

artery that passes deoxy blood from fetus to placenta, located in umbilical cord

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23
Q

umbilical arteries - adult structure

A

medical umbilical ligaments

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24
Q

umbilical vein

A

brings oxy blood to fetus from placenta, divides into two branches

25
Q

umbilical vein - adult structure

A

ligamentum teres

26
Q

umbilical vein - two branches

A

hepatic portal vein
ductus venosus

27
Q

ductus venosus

A

second branch of umbilical vein where most of the blood will go, flows into inferior vena cava

28
Q

ductus venosus - adult structure

A

ligementum venosum

29
Q

foramen ovale

A

hole between right and left atria that allows the oxy blood in teh right atria to bypass the lungs and be pumped into the fetal tissues

30
Q

foramen ovale - adult structure

A

fossa ovalis

31
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

connects pulmonary trunk with aorta to prevent any blood that didnt bypass the pulmonary track (through the foramen ovale) to do so

32
Q

ductus arteriosus - adult structure

A

ligamentum arteriosum

33
Q

opening in fetal interatrial septum

A

foramen ovale

34
Q

lymphatic capillaries and veins

A

where lymph vessels begin, carry lymph to desired locations

35
Q

lacteals

A

specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that carry dietary lipids into lymph vessels

36
Q

cisterna chyli

A

dilation point of thoracic duct, receives lymph from left and right lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk

37
Q

thoracic duct

A

largest lymph vessel

38
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

merging of 3 ducts (jugular, subclavian, brachiomediastinal) to form a single junction with the venous system, located in the right upper body bu the subclavian artery

39
Q

thymus

A

houses/produces many T cells, located between teh sternum and aorta

40
Q

spleen

A

stores/filters blood, makes white blood cells, location behind stomach

41
Q

MALT

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, initiates immune response

42
Q

aggregated lymphatic follicles

A

function to transport dietary lipids

43
Q

palatine tonsils

A

posterior region of the oral cavity, most commonly removed

44
Q

lingual tonsils

A

base of the tongue

45
Q

pharyngeal tonsils

A

posterior wall of nasopharynx

46
Q

function of all three tonsils

A

prevent infection of the digestive and respiratory tracts

47
Q

appendix

A

located at the end of the large intestine, destroys bacteria before it is absorbed

48
Q

bone marrow

A

produces leukocytes and erythrocytes

49
Q

lymph node locations (6)

A

iliac
inguinal
intestinal
axillary
submandibular
cervical

50
Q

function of the lymph nodes

A

drains nearby areas interstitial fluid, filters collect the lymph and returns in to the vascular system

51
Q

iliac nodes vs inguinal nodes

A

iliac nodes = above inguinal ligament

inguinal nodes = below

52
Q

3 main functions of lymphatic system

A

drain excess fluid
transport dietary lipis
carry out immune response

53
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by build up of fluid in the body (lymph fluid = lymphedema)

54
Q

what causes lymph to be transported into the lymph capillaries?

A

unique one way system - lets interstitial fluid in but not out. lymph capillaries have better permeability that blood ones and are larger

55
Q

three mechanisms that cause lymph to move back to the heart

A

skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump
valves

56
Q

where do the lymph vessels meet the vascular system?

A

right lymphatic duct (3 ducts combined)
left lymphatic duct (thoracic duct)

57
Q

where does hemopoiesis take place (fetal /adult)

A

fetal - liver and spleen
adult - bone marrow

58
Q

why is having lots of lymph nodes at the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts important?

A

R = brain excess fluid form lungs, protect from pathogens
D = defend, absorb dietary lipids and vitamins from small intestine, drain fluid
U = drain fluid from organs, defend

59
Q

serum

A

liquid portion of blood after a clot

Biol 1190 (31 decks)

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