lab 7 Flashcards
3 mechanisms that help blood get back to the heart
valves
skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump
how blood gets back to the heart (valves)
valves permit blood flow in only one direction
how blood gets bakc to the heart (Skeletal muscle pump)
compression of the blood vessels by skeletal muscle squeezes blood towards the heart
how blood gets back to the heart (respiratory pump)
contraction of the diaphragm compresses abdominal veins which moves blood to the thoracic cavity, valves then prevent backflow of that blood
why do arteries have a thicker muscle layer?
they adjust their diameter to maintain blood pressure
what type of epitehlium lines blood vessels
simple squamous
cerebral arterial circle components
anterior cerebral
anterior communicating
posterior cerebral
posterior communicating
internal jugular vein
big veins coming down, matching artery is common carotid
external jugular vein
smaller veins coming down, in same spot as vertebral artery
largest vein in the body
inferior vena cava
how many hepatic veins are there
3
hepatic portal vein blood pathway
carried blood from the intestines, stomach, spleen, pancreas, and gall bladder to the liver
cephalic vein
superior branch off of subclavian vein right before axillary vein
brachial vein
superior branch off of axillary vein
basalic vein
inferior branch off of axillary vein
great saphenous
medial split off of external iliac /femoral
function of cerebral arterial circle
provides alternate pathways in case of impaired bloodflow
5 organs the celiac trunk supplies blood to
stomach, spleen, pancreas, intestines, gallbladder
why is blood in the hepatic portal vein taken to the liver first?
hepatic portal viens sends nutrient rich blood from gastrointestinal tract to the liver before returning to the heart
non functional fetal systems
digestive and pulmonary
placenta
develops on uterine wall during pregnancy, allows for blood to leave and enter fetus
umbilical arteries
artery that passes deoxy blood from fetus to placenta, located in umbilical cord
umbilical arteries - adult structure
medical umbilical ligaments
umbilical vein
brings oxy blood to fetus from placenta, divides into two branches
umbilical vein - adult structure
ligamentum teres
umbilical vein - two branches
hepatic portal vein
ductus venosus
ductus venosus
second branch of umbilical vein where most of the blood will go, flows into inferior vena cava
ductus venosus - adult structure
ligementum venosum
foramen ovale
hole between right and left atria that allows the oxy blood in teh right atria to bypass the lungs and be pumped into the fetal tissues
foramen ovale - adult structure
fossa ovalis
ductus arteriosus
connects pulmonary trunk with aorta to prevent any blood that didnt bypass the pulmonary track (through the foramen ovale) to do so
ductus arteriosus - adult structure
ligamentum arteriosum
opening in fetal interatrial septum
foramen ovale
lymphatic capillaries and veins
where lymph vessels begin, carry lymph to desired locations
lacteals
specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that carry dietary lipids into lymph vessels
cisterna chyli
dilation point of thoracic duct, receives lymph from left and right lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk
thoracic duct
largest lymph vessel
right lymphatic duct
merging of 3 ducts (jugular, subclavian, brachiomediastinal) to form a single junction with the venous system, located in the right upper body bu the subclavian artery
thymus
houses/produces many T cells, located between teh sternum and aorta
spleen
stores/filters blood, makes white blood cells, location behind stomach
MALT
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, initiates immune response
aggregated lymphatic follicles
function to transport dietary lipids
palatine tonsils
posterior region of the oral cavity, most commonly removed
lingual tonsils
base of the tongue
pharyngeal tonsils
posterior wall of nasopharynx
function of all three tonsils
prevent infection of the digestive and respiratory tracts
appendix
located at the end of the large intestine, destroys bacteria before it is absorbed
bone marrow
produces leukocytes and erythrocytes
lymph node locations (6)
iliac
inguinal
intestinal
axillary
submandibular
cervical
function of the lymph nodes
drains nearby areas interstitial fluid, filters collect the lymph and returns in to the vascular system
iliac nodes vs inguinal nodes
iliac nodes = above inguinal ligament
inguinal nodes = below
3 main functions of lymphatic system
drain excess fluid
transport dietary lipis
carry out immune response
edema
swelling caused by build up of fluid in the body (lymph fluid = lymphedema)
what causes lymph to be transported into the lymph capillaries?
unique one way system - lets interstitial fluid in but not out. lymph capillaries have better permeability that blood ones and are larger
three mechanisms that cause lymph to move back to the heart
skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump
valves
where do the lymph vessels meet the vascular system?
right lymphatic duct (3 ducts combined)
left lymphatic duct (thoracic duct)
where does hemopoiesis take place (fetal /adult)
fetal - liver and spleen
adult - bone marrow
why is having lots of lymph nodes at the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts important?
R = brain excess fluid form lungs, protect from pathogens
D = defend, absorb dietary lipids and vitamins from small intestine, drain fluid
U = drain fluid from organs, defend
serum
liquid portion of blood after a clot
