lab 8 Flashcards
locations of paranasal sinuses
frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary
sinuses functions
lighten skull, produce mucus
two bones forming the nasal cavity floor
maxilla and palatine
functions of the nasal conchae/internal nares during inhalation
spin air to warm it, traps invaders in mucus
function of nasal conchae/internal nares during exhalation
prevents dehydration
pharynx regions
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi
contains pharyngeal tonsil and opening of eustachian tubes
oropharnyx
non keratinized stratified squamous epi
contains opening of mouth and palatine + linguinal tonsils
laryngopharynx
non keratinized stratified squamous epi
underneath hyoid bone
external nares (nostrils) Function
Lead into nasal vestibules
nasal cavity
large space in anterior portion of the skull
nasal septum function
divides cavity in half
choanae ( internal nares) Function
provide passage out of the nasal cavity to the pharynx
fauces
opening from mouth (mouth to pharynx)
tonsils
pharyngeal
palatine
lingual
tonsils and function
pharyngeal
palatine
lingual
filtering, protect form invaders
larynx function
connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea, contains vocal cords
trachea function
thyroid cartilage function
forms anterior wall of larynx
cricoid cartilage
ring of cartilage that forms inferior wall of larynx
hyoid bone
connects with thyroid cartilage and tongue
eppiglotis
closes off trachea during swallowing, opens for air during inhalation
glottis
pair of folds (vocal folds)
rima glottidis
space between teh two folds of the glottis
tracheal cartilages
rings of hyaline cartilage on the trachea
vestibular folds
superior pair of membranous folds of the larynx (false vocal cords)
vocal folds
inferior pair of membranous folds of the larynx (true vocal cords)
trachea function
facilitates passage of air from larynx to bronchi
carina
ridge that divides trachea into left and right bronchus
main/primary bronchus
first division from trachea (left and right bronchus)
lobar/secondary bronchi
divisions from left and right bronchus
terminal bronchiole
divisions from secondary bronchioles
lobes of the lungs function
superior, middle, inferior
divides lungs into section to minimize failure of entire lung
smooth muscle
in bronchioles, contract and relax to regulate airway diamenter
respiratory bronchioles
subdivisions of terminal bronchioles that contain alveolar ducts
alveolar duct
subdivisions of respiratory bronchioles
alveolar sac
hang off alveolar ducts
alveolus
each individual alveoli in the sac
pleural membrane (layers)
visceral - inner
parieteal - outer
pulmonary arteriole
carries de oxy blood to the lungs
pulmonary venule
carries oxy blood to the heart
pulmonary capillary
site of diffusion in alveoli and capillaries
emphysema
look for damage to the alveolar sacs
diaphragm
contracts to make room for air in the lungs
external intercostals
external side of inter rib muscles
sternocleidomastoid
neck muscle - elevate sternum
pectoralis minor
undeneath major
internal intercostals
internal side of inter rib muscles
tidal volume
amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a single breathe - usually 500ml for males
dead space
air that remains in the areas not lined by simple squamous epithelium and is unavailable for gas exchange
4 areas of of dead space
trachea, bronchiol tubes, broncholes, larynx
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
amount of air that can be inhaled in excess of normal inhalation
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
amount of air that can be exhaled in excess of normal exhalation
residual volume
amount of air remaining in the alveoli and airways after forceful exhalation
vital capacity
total air of the lungs
tidal volume + inspatory + expiratory reserve volumes
total lung capacity
sum of vital capacity (TV+EPV+IPV) and residual volume
4 functiosn of teh respiratory system
- provide for gas exchange
- regular blood pH
- contains smell receptors
- filters air, produce vocal sounds
where can non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system?
oropharynx
where can psuedostrat ciliated columnar epi be found in respiratory system
nasopharynx, bronchi
where can goblet cells be found in respiratory system
larynx
where can simple squamous epi be found in respiratory system
alveolo
why does a epithelium change in the respiratory tract?
non keratinized (top) is better suited for friction of the mouth and nasal cavity, where simple squamous is better suited for gas exchange
internal respiration
exchange of gas between body cells, occurs throughout the body
external respiration
diffusion of gas from air in alveoli to the blood
frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary
locations of paranasal sinuses
lighten skull, produce mucus
sinuses functions
maxilla and palatine
two bones forming the nasal cavity floor
spin air to warm it, traps invaders in mucus
functions of the nasal conchae/internal nares during inhalation
prevents dehydration
function of nasal conchae/internal nares during exhalation
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
pharynx regions
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi
contains pharyngeal tonsil and opening of eustachian tubes
nasopharynx
non keratinized stratified squamous epi
contains opening of mouth and palatine + linguinal tonsils
oropharnyx
non keratinized stratified squamous epi
underneath hyoid bone
laryngopharynx
Lead into nasal vestibules
external nares (nostrils) Function
large space in anterior portion of the skull
nasal cavity
divides cavity in half
nasal septum function
provide passage out of the nasal cavity to the pharynx
choanae ( internal nares) Function
opening from mouth (mouth to pharynx)
fauces
pharyngeal
palatine
lingual
tonsils
pharyngeal
palatine
lingual
filtering, protect form invaders
tonsils and function
connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea, contains vocal cords
larynx function
trachea function
forms anterior wall of larynx
thyroid cartilage function
ring of cartilage that forms inferior wall of larynx
cricoid cartilage
connects with thyroid cartilage and tongue
hyoid bone
closes off trachea during swallowing, opens for air during inhalation
eppiglotis
pair of folds (vocal folds)
glottis
space between teh two folds of the glottis
rima glottidis
rings of hyaline cartilage on the trachea
tracheal cartilages
superior pair of membranous folds of the larynx (false vocal cords)
vestibular folds
inferior pair of membranous folds of the larynx (true vocal cords)
vocal folds
facilitates passage of air from larynx to bronchi
trachea function
ridge that divides trachea into left and right bronchus
carina
first division from trachea (left and right bronchus)
main/primary bronchus
divisions from left and right bronchus
lobar/secondary bronchi
divisions from secondary bronchioles
terminal bronchiole
superior, middle, inferior
divides lungs into section to minimize failure of entire lung
lobes of the lungs function
in bronchioles, contract and relax to regulate airway diamenter
smooth muscle
subdivisions of terminal bronchioles that contain alveolar ducts
respiratory bronchioles
subdivisions of respiratory bronchioles
alveolar duct
hang off alveolar ducts
alveolar sac
each individual alveoli in the sac
alveolus
visceral - inner
parieteal - outer
pleural membrane (layers)
carries de oxy blood to the lungs
pulmonary arteriole
carries oxy blood to the heart
pulmonary venule
site of diffusion in alveoli and capillaries
pulmonary capillary
look for damage to the alveolar sacs
emphysema
contracts to make room for air in the lungs
diaphragm
external side of inter rib muscles
external intercostals
neck muscle - elevate sternum
sternocleidomastoid
undeneath major
pectoralis minor
internal side of inter rib muscles
internal intercostals
amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a single breathe - usually 500ml for males
tidal volume
air that remains in the areas not lined by simple squamous epithelium and is unavailable for gas exchange
dead space
trachea, bronchiol tubes, broncholes, larynx
4 areas of of dead space
amount of air that can be inhaled in excess of normal inhalation
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
amount of air that can be exhaled in excess of normal exhalation
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
amount of air remaining in the alveoli and airways after forceful exhalation
residual volume
total air of the lungs
tidal volume + inspatory + expiratory reserve volumes
vital capacity
sum of vital capacity (TV+EPV+IPV) and residual volume
total lung capacity
- provide for gas exchange
- regular blood pH
- contains smell receptors
- filters air, produce vocal sounds
4 functiosn of teh respiratory system
oropharynx
where can non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system?
nasopharynx, bronchi
where can psuedostrat ciliated columnar epi be found in respiratory system
larynx
where can goblet cells be found in respiratory system
alveolo
where can simple squamous epi be found in respiratory system
non keratinized (top) is better suited for friction of the mouth and nasal cavity, where simple squamous is better suited for gas exchange
why does a epithelium change in the respiratory tract?
exchange of gas between body cells, occurs throughout the body
internal respiration
diffusion of gas from air in alveoli to the blood
external respiration
