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biol 1190 > lab 8 > Flashcards

lab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

locations of paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary

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2
Q

sinuses functions

A

lighten skull, produce mucus

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3
Q

two bones forming the nasal cavity floor

A

maxilla and palatine

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4
Q

functions of the nasal conchae/internal nares during inhalation

A

spin air to warm it, traps invaders in mucus

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5
Q

function of nasal conchae/internal nares during exhalation

A

prevents dehydration

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6
Q

pharynx regions

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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7
Q

nasopharynx

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi
contains pharyngeal tonsil and opening of eustachian tubes

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8
Q

oropharnyx

A

non keratinized stratified squamous epi
contains opening of mouth and palatine + linguinal tonsils

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9
Q

laryngopharynx

A

non keratinized stratified squamous epi
underneath hyoid bone

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10
Q

external nares (nostrils) Function

A

Lead into nasal vestibules

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11
Q

nasal cavity

A

large space in anterior portion of the skull

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12
Q

nasal septum function

A

divides cavity in half

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13
Q

choanae ( internal nares) Function

A

provide passage out of the nasal cavity to the pharynx

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14
Q

fauces

A

opening from mouth (mouth to pharynx)

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15
Q

tonsils

A

pharyngeal
palatine
lingual

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16
Q

tonsils and function

A

pharyngeal
palatine
lingual

filtering, protect form invaders

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17
Q

larynx function

A

connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea, contains vocal cords

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18
Q

trachea function

A
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19
Q

thyroid cartilage function

A

forms anterior wall of larynx

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20
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

ring of cartilage that forms inferior wall of larynx

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21
Q

hyoid bone

A

connects with thyroid cartilage and tongue

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22
Q

eppiglotis

A

closes off trachea during swallowing, opens for air during inhalation

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23
Q

glottis

A

pair of folds (vocal folds)

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24
Q

rima glottidis

A

space between teh two folds of the glottis

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25
Q

tracheal cartilages

A

rings of hyaline cartilage on the trachea

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26
Q

vestibular folds

A

superior pair of membranous folds of the larynx (false vocal cords)

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27
Q

vocal folds

A

inferior pair of membranous folds of the larynx (true vocal cords)

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28
Q

trachea function

A

facilitates passage of air from larynx to bronchi

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29
Q

carina

A

ridge that divides trachea into left and right bronchus

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30
Q

main/primary bronchus

A

first division from trachea (left and right bronchus)

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31
Q

lobar/secondary bronchi

A

divisions from left and right bronchus

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32
Q

terminal bronchiole

A

divisions from secondary bronchioles

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33
Q

lobes of the lungs function

A

superior, middle, inferior

divides lungs into section to minimize failure of entire lung

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34
Q

smooth muscle

A

in bronchioles, contract and relax to regulate airway diamenter

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35
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

subdivisions of terminal bronchioles that contain alveolar ducts

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36
Q

alveolar duct

A

subdivisions of respiratory bronchioles

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37
Q

alveolar sac

A

hang off alveolar ducts

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38
Q

alveolus

A

each individual alveoli in the sac

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39
Q

pleural membrane (layers)

A

visceral - inner
parieteal - outer

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40
Q

pulmonary arteriole

A

carries de oxy blood to the lungs

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41
Q

pulmonary venule

A

carries oxy blood to the heart

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42
Q

pulmonary capillary

A

site of diffusion in alveoli and capillaries

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43
Q

emphysema

A

look for damage to the alveolar sacs

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44
Q

diaphragm

A

contracts to make room for air in the lungs

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45
Q

external intercostals

A

external side of inter rib muscles

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46
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

neck muscle - elevate sternum

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47
Q

pectoralis minor

A

undeneath major

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48
Q

internal intercostals

A

internal side of inter rib muscles

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49
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a single breathe - usually 500ml for males

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50
Q

dead space

A

air that remains in the areas not lined by simple squamous epithelium and is unavailable for gas exchange

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51
Q

4 areas of of dead space

A

trachea, bronchiol tubes, broncholes, larynx

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52
Q

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

amount of air that can be inhaled in excess of normal inhalation

53
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

amount of air that can be exhaled in excess of normal exhalation

54
Q

residual volume

A

amount of air remaining in the alveoli and airways after forceful exhalation

55
Q

vital capacity

A

total air of the lungs
tidal volume + inspatory + expiratory reserve volumes

56
Q

total lung capacity

A

sum of vital capacity (TV+EPV+IPV) and residual volume

57
Q

4 functiosn of teh respiratory system

A
  • provide for gas exchange
  • regular blood pH
  • contains smell receptors
  • filters air, produce vocal sounds
58
Q

where can non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system?

A

oropharynx

59
Q

where can psuedostrat ciliated columnar epi be found in respiratory system

A

nasopharynx, bronchi

60
Q

where can goblet cells be found in respiratory system

A

larynx

61
Q

where can simple squamous epi be found in respiratory system

A

alveolo

62
Q

why does a epithelium change in the respiratory tract?

A

non keratinized (top) is better suited for friction of the mouth and nasal cavity, where simple squamous is better suited for gas exchange

63
Q

internal respiration

A

exchange of gas between body cells, occurs throughout the body

64
Q

external respiration

A

diffusion of gas from air in alveoli to the blood

65
Q

frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary

A

locations of paranasal sinuses

66
Q

lighten skull, produce mucus

A

sinuses functions

67
Q

maxilla and palatine

A

two bones forming the nasal cavity floor

68
Q

spin air to warm it, traps invaders in mucus

A

functions of the nasal conchae/internal nares during inhalation

69
Q

prevents dehydration

A

function of nasal conchae/internal nares during exhalation

70
Q

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

A

pharynx regions

71
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi
contains pharyngeal tonsil and opening of eustachian tubes

A

nasopharynx

72
Q

non keratinized stratified squamous epi
contains opening of mouth and palatine + linguinal tonsils

A

oropharnyx

73
Q

non keratinized stratified squamous epi
underneath hyoid bone

A

laryngopharynx

74
Q

Lead into nasal vestibules

A

external nares (nostrils) Function

75
Q

large space in anterior portion of the skull

A

nasal cavity

76
Q

divides cavity in half

A

nasal septum function

77
Q

provide passage out of the nasal cavity to the pharynx

A

choanae ( internal nares) Function

78
Q

opening from mouth (mouth to pharynx)

A

fauces

79
Q

pharyngeal
palatine
lingual

A

tonsils

80
Q

pharyngeal
palatine
lingual

filtering, protect form invaders

A

tonsils and function

81
Q

connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea, contains vocal cords

A

larynx function

82
Q
A

trachea function

83
Q

forms anterior wall of larynx

A

thyroid cartilage function

84
Q

ring of cartilage that forms inferior wall of larynx

A

cricoid cartilage

85
Q

connects with thyroid cartilage and tongue

A

hyoid bone

86
Q

closes off trachea during swallowing, opens for air during inhalation

A

eppiglotis

87
Q

pair of folds (vocal folds)

A

glottis

88
Q

space between teh two folds of the glottis

A

rima glottidis

89
Q

rings of hyaline cartilage on the trachea

A

tracheal cartilages

90
Q

superior pair of membranous folds of the larynx (false vocal cords)

A

vestibular folds

91
Q

inferior pair of membranous folds of the larynx (true vocal cords)

A

vocal folds

92
Q

facilitates passage of air from larynx to bronchi

A

trachea function

93
Q

ridge that divides trachea into left and right bronchus

A

carina

94
Q

first division from trachea (left and right bronchus)

A

main/primary bronchus

95
Q

divisions from left and right bronchus

A

lobar/secondary bronchi

96
Q

divisions from secondary bronchioles

A

terminal bronchiole

97
Q

superior, middle, inferior

divides lungs into section to minimize failure of entire lung

A

lobes of the lungs function

98
Q

in bronchioles, contract and relax to regulate airway diamenter

A

smooth muscle

99
Q

subdivisions of terminal bronchioles that contain alveolar ducts

A

respiratory bronchioles

100
Q

subdivisions of respiratory bronchioles

A

alveolar duct

101
Q

hang off alveolar ducts

A

alveolar sac

102
Q

each individual alveoli in the sac

A

alveolus

103
Q

visceral - inner
parieteal - outer

A

pleural membrane (layers)

104
Q

carries de oxy blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary arteriole

105
Q

carries oxy blood to the heart

A

pulmonary venule

106
Q

site of diffusion in alveoli and capillaries

A

pulmonary capillary

107
Q

look for damage to the alveolar sacs

A

emphysema

108
Q

contracts to make room for air in the lungs

A

diaphragm

109
Q

external side of inter rib muscles

A

external intercostals

110
Q

neck muscle - elevate sternum

A

sternocleidomastoid

111
Q

undeneath major

A

pectoralis minor

112
Q

internal side of inter rib muscles

A

internal intercostals

113
Q

amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a single breathe - usually 500ml for males

A

tidal volume

114
Q

air that remains in the areas not lined by simple squamous epithelium and is unavailable for gas exchange

A

dead space

115
Q

trachea, bronchiol tubes, broncholes, larynx

A

4 areas of of dead space

116
Q

amount of air that can be inhaled in excess of normal inhalation

A

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

117
Q

amount of air that can be exhaled in excess of normal exhalation

A

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

118
Q

amount of air remaining in the alveoli and airways after forceful exhalation

A

residual volume

119
Q

total air of the lungs
tidal volume + inspatory + expiratory reserve volumes

A

vital capacity

120
Q

sum of vital capacity (TV+EPV+IPV) and residual volume

A

total lung capacity

121
Q
  • provide for gas exchange
  • regular blood pH
  • contains smell receptors
  • filters air, produce vocal sounds
A

4 functiosn of teh respiratory system

122
Q

oropharynx

A

where can non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium be found in the respiratory system?

123
Q

nasopharynx, bronchi

A

where can psuedostrat ciliated columnar epi be found in respiratory system

124
Q

larynx

A

where can goblet cells be found in respiratory system

125
Q

alveolo

A

where can simple squamous epi be found in respiratory system

126
Q

non keratinized (top) is better suited for friction of the mouth and nasal cavity, where simple squamous is better suited for gas exchange

A

why does a epithelium change in the respiratory tract?

127
Q

exchange of gas between body cells, occurs throughout the body

A

internal respiration

128
Q

diffusion of gas from air in alveoli to the blood

A

external respiration

biol 1190 (31 decks)

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