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HUBS192 2022 > lecture 8 - the heart as a pump > Flashcards

lecture 8 - the heart as a pump Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 circuits that the 2 ‘pumps’ of the heart flow into?

A

Pulmonary, Systemic

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2
Q

What are the components of the pulmonary circuit?

A

Heart and lungs

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3
Q

What are the components of the systemic circuit?

A

Heart and body

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4
Q

What is the relative flow through the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

A

The flow is equal

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5
Q

Do the left and right ventricles contract at the same time or in sequence?

A

The same time

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6
Q

What is the name for the contractile units of cardiomyocytes?

A

sarcomeres

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7
Q

What is the thin filament of a cardiomyocyte sarcomere?

A

Actin

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8
Q

What is the thick filament of a cardiomyocyte sarcomere?

A

Myosin

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9
Q

What must be released into a muscle cell to facilitate sarcomere cross bridging and contraction?

A

Ca2+

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10
Q

What is the basic process of cardiomyocyte contraction?

A

Ca2+ released into cell by sarcoplasmic reticulum, myosin binds to actin forming cross bridges that pull on sarcomeres to shorten them and generate force.

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11
Q

How does cardiomyocyte recruitment increase the force of cardiac contraction?

A

It doesn’t - all cardiomyocytes are activated during every heart beat, so there are no more to be recruited

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12
Q

How is the force of cardiac contraction increased?

A

Increased cytosol Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes facilitates the formation of more cross bridges, allowing individual cells to contract more strongly.

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13
Q

What is the cellular mechanism of cardiac relaxation?

A

Ca2+ pumped into sarcoplasmic reticulum, cross bridges released as ATP binds to myosin,

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14
Q

What are the 2 states that the heart alternates between?

A

Diastole and systole

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15
Q

Is diastole associated with relaxation or contraction of the heart?

A

relaxation

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16
Q

Is systole associated with relaxation or contraction of the heart?

A

Contraction

17
Q

Is diastole associated with falling or rising pressure in the heart?

A

Falling pressure

18
Q

Is systole associated with falling or rising pressure in the heart?

A

Rising pressure

19
Q

Does ventricular systole precede or succeed atrial systole?

A

Succeed

20
Q

What are 5 main phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

Atrial systole, isovolumetric ventricular contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, passive filling

21
Q

What occurs during the atrial systole phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Atria contract, AV valves open, semi-lunar valves closed

22
Q

What occurs during the isovolumetric ventricular contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Ventricles start to contract. All valves are shut. Thus, pressure in the ventricles rapidly increases.

23
Q

What occurs during the ventricular ejection phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Semilunar valves open, ventricles contract to pump blood into pulmonary and systemic circuits.

24
Q

What occurs during the isovolumetric ventricular relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

All valves are closed, atria fill, and the ventricles are mostly empty.

25
Q

What occurs during the passive filling phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

All valves open, atria and ventricles are passively filled with blood to prepare for the cycle to begin again

26
Q

Why is there a pulsatile change in blood pressure in major arteries?

A

Due to the ejection of blood with each heart beat

27
Q

How does arterial blood pressure change during systole?

A

Increases

28
Q

How does arterial blood pressure change during diastole?

A

Decreases

29
Q

Which is higher, systemic arterial pressure, or pulmonary arterial pressure?

A

Systemic

30
Q

Is the highest point on a blood pressure trace systolic or diastolic?

A

Systolic

31
Q

Is the lowest point on a blood pressure tract systolic or diastolic?

A

Diastolic

32
Q

What is the pulse pressure?

A

The difference between the highest and lowest point on a blood pressure trace, which correlates directly to the pressure in the heart

33
Q

What is the mean pressure of a blood pressure trace?

A

The average pressure (systolic and diastolic) across a blood pressure cycle - not the average of the highest and lowest

34
Q

Is mean pressure usually higher or lower than the average of systolic and diastolic pressure?

A

Lower - the heart is in diastole for longer

35
Q

What mechanical event occurs in the heart immediately after the QRS complex on an ECG?

A

Ventricular contraction

HUBS192 2022 (38 decks)

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