lecture 36 - female reproductive system 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of the female reproductive system?
Produce oocytes, transport ova and spermatozoa to the appropriate site for fertilisation, provide protection and nourishment for developing embryo/foetus, deliver foetus
What is the location of the female perineum?
Region inferior to the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs
What is contained within the female urogenital triangle?
External genitalia - vulva
Where is the mons female pubis located?
In front of the pubic symphysis
What are the 3 parts of the labia?
Labia majora, labia minora, vestibule
What is the more lateral and larger part of the labia?
Labia majora
What is the smaller and more medial part of the labia?
Labia minora
What is the space between the labia?
The vestibule
Where are the female vestibular glands located?
Deep to the labia
What is the function of the female vestibular glands?
Lubricate the vaginal orifice
What is the visible/external part of the clitoris?
The glans clitoris
What is the fold of skin that covers the glans clitoris?
The prepuce
What is the name for the opening of the urethra?
Meatus
What are the components of the clitoris?
Glans, body, 2 crura, 2 bulbs
What are the 3 parts of the uterine tube?
Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
What is the most lateral portion of the uterine tube?
Infundibulum
What is the mid portion of the uterine tube?
Ampulla
What is the most medial portion of the uterine tube?
The isthmus
Where are the fimbriae of the uterine tube found?
The most lateral portion - infundibulum
What is the fucntion of the fimbriae of the uterine tube?
Hover over ovary and help to take up the oocytes when it is released
Where does fertilisation typically occur in the female reproductive system?
The ampulla of the uterine tube
What is the narrowest and medial part of the uterine tube?
The isthmus
What are the 3 layers of the uterus (outer to inner)?
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium,
What is the outer layer of the uterus?
The perimetrium
What is the perimetrium made up of?
Connective tissue
What is the myometrium made up of?
Smooth muscle
What is the middle layer of the uterus?
The myometrium
What is the inner layer of the uterus?
Endometrium
What is the endometrium made up of?
Columnar epithelium, uterine glands, and arteries
What is the layer of the uterus that forms and shed during the menstrual cycle?
The endometrium
What are the 3 components of the cervix?
External os, cervical canal, external os
What is produced by the cervix?
cervical mucus
What is the function of the cervix in terms of reproduction?
Regulates sperm transport
What is the female copulatory organ?
Vagina
What is the nature of the structure of the vagina?
Fibromuscular, distensible
Where does the vagina extend from?
The perineum to the cervix
What is the artery that supplies the ovaries?
Ovarian arteries
What is the artery that supplies the uterus?
Uterine artery - becomes spiral arteries
What is the artery that supplies the vagina?
Vaginal artery
What is the source of the ovarian arteries?
branches from the abdominal aorta
What is the source of the uterine artery?
Branches from the internal iliac artery
What is the source of the vaginal artery?
branches from the internal iliac artery
Which female reproductive arteries are often anastomose/connect when branching from the internal iliac artery?
The vaginal and uterine arteries
What is the function of spiral arteries in the uterine wall?
Important in placenta formation, and are the main source of blood loss during menstruation
What is the location of the ovaries?
Lateral and posterior to the uterus. The lateral portion in the true pelvic cavity
What are the 2 parts of the ovaries?
Cortex (outer), inner (medulla)
What part of the ovaries contains the follicles?
The outer cortex
What part of the ovaries containers the connective tissue, blood/lymphatic vessels and nerves?
The inner medulla
What are the 2 functions of the ovaries?
Oogenesis and hormone production
What are the 4 ligaments of the female reproductive system?
Broad, ovarian, suspensory, round ligaments
What is the broad ligament made up of?
The peritoneum that folds and presses over the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus to create ligaments
What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament?
Mesometrium, mesosalpinx, mesovarium
Where does the mesometrium sit?
Extends laterally over the surface of the uterus
Where does the mesosalpinx sit?
Drapes over the uterine tubes
Where does the mesovarium sit?
Attaches the anterior part of the ovaries to the posterior of the broad ligament
What are the 2 pouches formed by the broad ligament, made up of viscous peritoneum?
Vesicouterine pouch and rectouterine pouch
What is the name for the pouch formed by the broad ligament that sits between the bladder and the uterus?
The vesicouterine pouch
What is the name for the pouch formed by the broad ligament that sits between the rectum and uterus?
Rectouterine pouch
What is the function of the breasts/mammary glands?
To nourish infants
What muscles do the breasts/mammary glands lie on?
Pectoralis major
What hormones stimulate the development of breast tissue?
Estradiol and progesterone
What is the name for a group of lobules containing secretory alveoli in the breasts?
A lobe
Where is the site of milk production and storage in the mammary glands?
Secretory alveoli
What is the passage of milk during secretion then excretion from the mammary glands?
Secretory alveoli in lobules within a lobe -> lactiferous ducts -> lactiferous sinuses -> nipple pores
What structures support the breasts?
Suspensory ligaments
