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HUBS192 2022 > lecture 38 - coitus, fertilisation & contraception > Flashcards

lecture 38 - coitus, fertilisation & contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What is coitus?

A

Sexual intercourse/copulation

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2
Q

What is intromission?

A

In coitus, the process in which the erect penis is introduced into the vagina

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3
Q

What is the name for the act of the erect penis entering the vagina?

A

Intromission

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4
Q

What is the name for the process of semen release into the upper part of the vagina?

A

Insemination

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5
Q

What are the 4 stages of the male sexual act?

A

Erection of penis, mucus secretion into urethra, ejaculation, resolution

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6
Q

What type of nervous system control regulates erection of the penis?

A

Parasympathetic

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7
Q

What type of nervous system control regulates ejaculation from the penis?

A

Sympathetic

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8
Q

What are the 2 phases of male ejaculation?

A

Emission, expulsion

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9
Q

What is resolution of the male sexual act?

A

When the penis returns to a flaccid state after ejaculation

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10
Q

What surround the erectile tissues of the penis to prevent excess expansion/filling?

A

Layers of fascia

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11
Q

What are the fascia of the penis, and what is their function?

A

Layers of connective tissue that help to restrain penile erectile tissues

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12
Q

What artery supplies the perineum in both males and females?

A

The pudendal artery

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13
Q

Where does the pudendal artery branch from?

A

The internal iliac artery

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14
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal artery that supply the penis?

A

Artery of bulb, Dorsal artery, Urethral artery, Cavernosal/Deep artery

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15
Q

What are the spaces inside the erectile tissues of the pensi that can fill with blood?

A

Lacunae, separated by trabeculae

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16
Q

What are the sensory nerves of the penis sensitive to?

A

Touch, pressure, temperature

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17
Q

What nerve supplies sensory and somatic motor innervation to the perineum and external genitalia in males?

A

Pudendal nerve

18
Q

What provides autonomic innervation of the penis?

A

The pelvic plexus

19
Q

What is the role of parasympathetic nerves in the male sexual act?

A

Role in erection - stimulates production of nitric oxide, a vasodilator, in the deep arteries of the penis that then dilate to fill the lacunae of the corpora cavernosa with blood

20
Q

What substance is produced in the erectile tissues of the penis and acts as a vasodilator?

A

Nitric oxide (NO)

21
Q

What is the role of sympathetic nerves in the male sexual act?

A

Ejaculation - stimulate smooth muscle contraction and release from the reproductive ducts and accessory glands (seminal fluid)

22
Q

What is the role of somatic motor nerves in the male sexual act?

A

Stimulate the contraction of skeletal muscles around the bulb of the penis

23
Q

What occurs during the emission phase of ejaculation, which is a sympathetic response?

A

Smooth muscle of ductus deferens contracts to move sperm into ampulla, which contracts along with seminal glands to release seminal fluid into urethra

24
Q

What occurs during the expulsion phase of ejaculation, which is a sympathetic and somatic motor response?

A

Contractions of urethral smooth muscles, pelvic floor muscle contraction, semen ejection

25
Q

What areas are engorged in the female sexual response?

A

Clitoris, labia and vagina, in response to autonomic stimulation

26
Q

How does the vagina and uterus change shape/position during the female sexual act?

A

Increased width and length, uterus elevates upward as

27
Q

When does an oocyte complete meiosis II?

A

When the spermatozoa fuses with it

28
Q

What is the name for a fertilised oocyte?

A

zygote

29
Q

What are the 4 artificial methods of contraception?

A

Barrier methods, hormonal contraceptives ,intrauterine devices, sterilisation

30
Q

What are the 2 key natural methods of contraception?

A

Rhythm method/periodic abstinence, withdrawal method/coitus interruptus

31
Q

What is the rhythm method of contraception?

A

Periodic abstinence around ovulation

32
Q

What re the 2 key types of steroidal contraceptives?

A

Combined oral contraceptive pills, progestin only contraception

33
Q

What hormones does the combined oral contraceptive pill contain?

A

Estrogen and progestin

34
Q

How does the combined oral contraceptive pill work?

A

Suppresses ovulation and affects cervical mucus to prevent sperm penetration

35
Q

How does the progesterone only pill work?

A

Effects cervical mucus

36
Q

How does a sub dermal implant/injectable progestin work?

A

Disrupt follicular growth and ovulation

37
Q

What are the two types of IUD?

A

Copper IUD, Hormonal IUD

38
Q

How do Copper IUDs work?

A

Reduce sperm transport, inhibit implantation and are toxic to oocytes and zygotes

39
Q

How do hormonal IUDs work?

A

Contain progestins and affect cervical mucus to reduce sperm transport. May affect endometrium and inhibit ovulation

40
Q

What is the form of female sterilisation?

A

Tubal ligation

HUBS192 2022 (38 decks)

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