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HUBS192 2022 > lecture 6 - arteries & veins > Flashcards

lecture 6 - arteries & veins Flashcards

1
Q

Where do all major arteries originate?

A

The aortic arch

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2
Q

What branch of the aorta do the arteries of the legs ultimately originate from?

A

The descending aorta

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3
Q

What are the 6 major arteries of the leg, in descending order (superior to inferior)?

A

Common iliac, external iliac, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, plantar arch

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4
Q

What is the location of the popliteal artery?

A

Runs behind (posterior) to the knee

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5
Q

What arterial feature supplies the feet?

A

Plantar arch

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6
Q

What major vein that directly drains into the heart do the veins of the legs ultimately lead to?

A

Inferior vena cava

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7
Q

What is the order of the 7 major veins of the legs, in ascending order (inferior to superior)?

A

Plantar venous arch, posterior tibial, popliteal, great saphenous, femoral, external iliac, common iliac

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8
Q

What is the key superifical vein of the legs?

A

Great saphenous

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9
Q

What venous feature drains the feet?

A

Plantar venous arch

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the wall of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica adventitia(externa)

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11
Q

What is the innermost later of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica intima

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12
Q

What is the outermost layer of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica adventitia (or externa)

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13
Q

How many layers make up the tunica intima?

A

3

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14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tunica intima?

A

Endothelium, sub-endothelium, internal elastic lamina

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15
Q

What is the innermost layer of the tunica intima (in direct contact with the blood inside the vessel)

A

Endothelium

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the endothelium of the tunica intima?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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17
Q

What is the sub-endothelium of the tunica intima?

A

A sparse pad of loose fibrous connective tissue (FCT) that cushions the endothelium

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18
Q

What is the key function of the sub-endothelium of the tunica intima?

A

Cushions the underlying endothelium

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19
Q

What is the internal elastic lamina?

A

A condensed sheet of elastic tissues found at the outermost layer of the tunica intima in blood vessels

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20
Q

How does the internal elastic lamina of blood vessels differ between arteries and veins?

A

It is well developed in arteries but less developed in veins

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21
Q

What is the key component of the tunica media?

A

Smooth muscle

22
Q

What are the key characteristics of the smooth muscle of the tunica media?

A

Involuntary, striated

23
Q

What are the components of the tunica media?

A

Smooth muscle and connective tissue fibres

24
Q

What connective tissue fibres are found in the tunica media, and what are their functions?

A

Elastin and collagen, for elasticity and strength respectively

25
Q

What is the thickness of the tunica media proportional to?

A

Vessel diameter and blood pressure - higher pressure = smaller diameter = thicker tunica media

26
Q

What are the relative thickness of the tunica media in arteries and veins?

A

Veins have lower pressure than artieries, so have thinner layers tunica media

27
Q

What is the structure of the tunica adventitia?

A

A sheath of loose FCT with a high content of collagen and varying amounts of elastin

28
Q

What component of the tunica adventitia provides the blood supply of the smooth muscle of the tunica media?

A

The vasa vasorum

29
Q

What are the vasa vasorum?

A

Small vessels in the tunica adventitia that supply the smooth muscle of veins and arteries

30
Q

The lympathatic and nervous system components of the blood vessels are found in which layer?

A

The outermost layer - the tunica adventitia

31
Q

What type of nerves are found in the tunica adventitia?

A

Autonomic - both sympathetic and parasympathetic

32
Q

Does the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure in blood vessels increase or decrease with distance from the heart?

A

Decreases

33
Q

Why does the difference in diastolic and systolic blood pressure in vessels decrease as you get further from the heart?

A

Initially, in the aorta the blood is ejected with high force into elastic arteries, causing them to store energy which is released as the heart relaxes, repressurising blood near the heart and decreasing the difference between systolic and diastolic. This phenomenon means as you move away from the heart, flow is steady

34
Q

Are arteries closest to the heart more elastic or more muscular compared to their more peripheral counterparts?

A

More elastic

35
Q

Where are arterioles located in the arterial supply network?

A

At the end, as the smallest type of artery.

36
Q

How do arterioles influence blood pressure and heart activity?

A

The resistance of these vessels determine the pressure in the supply networks and the muscle tone of the arterioles determines how hard the heart has to push to pump blood to the extremities.

37
Q

What is the basic function of a capillary?

A

To exchange blood with tissues

38
Q

What are venules?

A

The starting of the cardiovascular collecting/drainage system.

39
Q

What is the other name for venules?

A

Post-capillary venules

40
Q

What structure is found within venules and ensures unidirectional blood flow?

A

monocuspid valves

41
Q

What is the name for flow of blood in one direction within a vessel?

A

Unidirectional flow

42
Q

Do veins have thick or thin walls?

A

Thin

43
Q

Why do veins have spare capacity for more blood volume?

A

So that blood can ‘pool’ in the vessel

44
Q

What is the name for veins that have spare capacity, and can take up extra blood volume?

A

Capacitance vessels

45
Q

How many layers do the walls of veins have?

A

3

46
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle does the tunica media of veins have?

A

A few layers, usually with 2 distinct

47
Q

What is the thickest layer of a vein vessel wall?

A

The tunica adventitia

48
Q

What characteristic of the tunica adventitia of veins limits the stretching of the vessel during venous pooling?

A

High collagen levels to provide strength

49
Q

For an artery and vein with the same flow/volume through them, what is their relative cross sectional area?

A

Veins have approximately double the cross sectional area

50
Q

What is the cause of varicose veins?

A

Leaky valves in veins can cause the veins to balloon outwards due to back flow.

51
Q

What outside component helps to push blood through a vein to return it to the heart?

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

HUBS192 2022 (38 decks)

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