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HUBS192 2022 > lecture 13 - blood composition & function > Flashcards

lecture 13 - blood composition & function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 general functions of blood?

A

Transport, immune response, coagulation

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2
Q

What things does the blood transport (7)?

A

O2 & nutrients, CO2 & wastes, ions, heat, hormones, immune cells, coagulation factors

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3
Q

The ions transported in the blood determine what?

A

Blood pH

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4
Q

Why does the blood carry heat?

A

Water (blood’s main constituent) is able to absorb a lot of heat that is the product of oxidative reactions in cells.

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5
Q

What is the function of blood transported hormones?

A

Co-ordinate organ activity

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6
Q

What is the immune function of blood?

A

Fight infection via white blood cells

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7
Q

What is the coagulation function of blood?

A

Platelets and coagulation factors in the plasma prevent bleeding.

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8
Q

What is the body’s blood volume proportional to?

A

Lean body mass

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9
Q

What is the ratio of blood to kilogram of body mass?

A

60-80mL per kg

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10
Q

What are the 2 major components of blood?

A

Plasma, formed elements

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11
Q

What are the 3 components of plasma?

A

Plasma Proteins, other solutes, water

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12
Q

What are the 4 types of plasma proteins found in blood plasma?

A

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogens, enzymes & hormones

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13
Q

What is the role of albumins in the blood plasma?

A

Maintains osmotic pressure to prevent blood cells from absorbing water and swelling/rupturing

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14
Q

What is the role of globulins in blood plasma?

A

Involved in the immune response

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15
Q

What is the role of fibrinogen?

A

Coagulation factor

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16
Q

What are the 3 key solutes found in plasma?

A

Electrolytes, organic nutrients, organic wastes

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17
Q

What is the role of the electrolytes in blood plasma?

A

Maintain pH and ion balance

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18
Q

What is the role of dissolved organic nutrients in blood plasma?

A

Support cell function and are carried to the periphery

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19
Q

What is the role of organic wastes in blood plasma?

A

Cell waste products are removed via the blood

20
Q

What percentage of plasma is made up of water?

A

~90%

21
Q

What are the 3 formed elements of blood?

A

Platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells

22
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cell fragments that participate in clotting to stop bleeding

23
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

Immune response and defensive mechanisms that destroy pathogens

24
Q

What is the most common cell in the blood?

A

Red blood cells

25
Q

What is the name for the formation of blood cells?

A

Haematopoiesis

26
Q

Where does haematopoiesis occur?

A

In red bone marrow

27
Q

What is the progenitor stem cell for all blood cells?

A

Haemocytoblasts

28
Q

What type of stem cell do red blood cells develop from?

A

Myeloid stem cells

29
Q

What is the alternative name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

30
Q

Why do red blood cells have a large surface area?

A

For efficient diffusion of gases

31
Q

Why are red blood cells flexible and rounded?

A

For free movement through narrow capillaries

32
Q

What is the name for the shape of a red blood cell?

A

Biconcave disc

33
Q

What proportion of RBC mass consists of haemoglobin?

A

1/3

34
Q

How does haemoglobin bind oxygen?

A

Uses iron on 4 haem units to bind 4 oxygen per haemoglobin

35
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

The part of centrifuged blood that contains the red blood cells

36
Q

What is the alternative name for hematocrit?

A

Packed cell volume (PCV)

37
Q

Do men or women tend to have a higher proportion of hematocrit in their blood?

A

Men

38
Q

What is anaemia, in terms of hematocrit level?

A

Low hematocrit due to iron deficiency

39
Q

What is polycythemia, in terms of hematocrit level?

A

High hematocrit causing the blood to become thick

40
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

The generation of red blood cells

41
Q

What stimulates erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

42
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

A hormone that simulates red blood cell production

43
Q

What hormone has a secondary role in augmenting red blood cell production?

A

Testosterone

44
Q

Why do athletes train at high altitude?

A

There is less O2 a available so the body adapts by producing more EPO which increases red blood cell count and therefore O2 capacity, leading to increased performance.

45
Q

What are the short term effects of altitude on the body?

A

Increased HR and Breathing rate

46
Q

How does the body detect low blood O2 levels due to high altitude?

A

The kidneys detect O2 levels

47
Q

What are the long term mechanism employed by the body at high altitude?

A

Kidneys release EPO to stimulate the production of red blood cells, increasing hematocrit.

HUBS192 2022 (38 decks)

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