lecture 34 - pelvis, perineum & male reproductive system Flashcards
What are gonads?
Organs where gametes/sex cells are produced
What are the male gametes?
Spermatozoa
What are the female gametes?
oocytes
What are the parts of the pelvis?
Hip bones, sacrum and coccyx
Is the pelvic inlet closed or open?
Open
Is the pelvic outlet closed or open?
Closed by muscles - the pelvic floor
Is the pelvic inlet or outlet bigger?
Inlet
What are the 2 pelvic subdivisions?
False/greater pelvis and true/lesser pelvis
What is the false/greater pelvis?
Superior region of the pelvis above the pelvic inlet that contains parts of the GI tract
What is the true/lesser pelvis?
Inferior region of the pelvis between the pelvis inlet and outlet that contains the internal reproductive organs
What part of the pelvis contains the internal reproductive organs in males and females?
The true/lesser pelvis
What are the characteristics of the female pelvis?
broader sub pelvic angle, a large oval inlet, straighter coccyx
What are the characteristics of the male pelvis?
Narrower sub pelvic angle, heart shaped inlet, curved coccyx
What does the pelvic floor/diaphragm close over?
The pelvic outlet
What are the 2 key muscles of the pelvic floor?
Levator ani, coccygeous
What are the openings in the pelvic floor?
Urethra, anal canal, vagina (females)
Where is the deep transverse perineal muscle located?
Runs transversely across pelvic floor/diaphragm
Where is the male perineum located?
Inferior to the the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs, and includes external genitalia and the anus.
What are the 2 triangular divisions of the perineum?
Urogenital triangle, anal triangle
What does the urogenital triangle include?
Urethral opening, external genitalia
What does the anal triangle include?
Anal canal and fat
What are the 2 key functions of the male reproductive system?
To produce spermatozoa and to transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract via coitus
What is the male gonad?
The testes
What are the 5 regions that spermatozoa travel along after production?
Testes (seminiferous tubules), epididymis, ductus deferens, ejacualtory duct, urethra
What are the components contained within the scrotum?
2 testes, 2 epididymides, 2 spermatic cords (with part of ductus deferens)
What are the 3 products made by the testes?
Spermatozoa, testosterone, inhibin
What is the name for the dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testes?
The tunica albuginea
What are the seminiferous tubules contained within?
Lobules of the testes
What do the seminiferous tubules join to form?
The rete testis
What do the rete testes lead to?
The efferent ductules
Where do the efferent ductules lead to?
The epididymis of the testes
Where does spermatogenesis take place?
The seminiferous tubules in the testes
What cells within the seminiferous tubules produce testosterone?
Interstitial endocrine cells
What is produced by the interstitial endocrine cells of the testes?
Testosterone
Where is inhibin procured in the seminiferous tubules?
Nurse cells
What is the role of nurse cells in the testes?
Produce inhibin, aid in the support and development of sperm.
What cells within the seminiferous tubules produce spermatogonia and spermatozoa?
Spermatogenic cells - stem cells
What are spermatogonia?
Cells in the testes that are progenitor stem cells of spermatozoa
What are the 3 regions of epididymis?
head, body, tail
Where do the sperm enter the epididymis from?
From the seminiferous tubules via the rete testis and efferent ductules.
Where do spermatozoa exit the epididymis?
Via the ductus deferens
What is the site of spermatozoa maturation?
The epididymis
What is the alternative name for the ductus deferens?
vas deferens
Where does the ductus deferens start?
The spermatic cord
What is the ductus deferens a continuation of?
The epididymis
What covers the ductus deferens to help with movement along the tract?
Smooth muscle
What does the ductus deferens run behind?
The urinary bladder
What does the ductus deferens dilate to form?
The ampulla
What 2 structures come together to form the ejaculatory ducts?
The seminal vesicle and the ampulla
Where does the ejacualtory duct open?
The prostatic urethra
What is the function of the internal urinary sphincters in terms of ejacualtion?
Closes the bladder ensuring that sperm are ejaculated through the urethra and do not enter the bladder
What is retrograde ejaculation?
When the internal urinary sphincter does not close so sperm ends up in the bladder
