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HUBS192 2022 > lecture 34 - pelvis, perineum & male reproductive system > Flashcards

lecture 34 - pelvis, perineum & male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

What are gonads?

A

Organs where gametes/sex cells are produced

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2
Q

What are the male gametes?

A

Spermatozoa

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3
Q

What are the female gametes?

A

oocytes

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4
Q

What are the parts of the pelvis?

A

Hip bones, sacrum and coccyx

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5
Q

Is the pelvic inlet closed or open?

A

Open

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6
Q

Is the pelvic outlet closed or open?

A

Closed by muscles - the pelvic floor

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7
Q

Is the pelvic inlet or outlet bigger?

A

Inlet

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8
Q

What are the 2 pelvic subdivisions?

A

False/greater pelvis and true/lesser pelvis

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9
Q

What is the false/greater pelvis?

A

Superior region of the pelvis above the pelvic inlet that contains parts of the GI tract

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10
Q

What is the true/lesser pelvis?

A

Inferior region of the pelvis between the pelvis inlet and outlet that contains the internal reproductive organs

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11
Q

What part of the pelvis contains the internal reproductive organs in males and females?

A

The true/lesser pelvis

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the female pelvis?

A

broader sub pelvic angle, a large oval inlet, straighter coccyx

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the male pelvis?

A

Narrower sub pelvic angle, heart shaped inlet, curved coccyx

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14
Q

What does the pelvic floor/diaphragm close over?

A

The pelvic outlet

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15
Q

What are the 2 key muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani, coccygeous

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16
Q

What are the openings in the pelvic floor?

A

Urethra, anal canal, vagina (females)

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17
Q

Where is the deep transverse perineal muscle located?

A

Runs transversely across pelvic floor/diaphragm

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18
Q

Where is the male perineum located?

A

Inferior to the the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs, and includes external genitalia and the anus.

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19
Q

What are the 2 triangular divisions of the perineum?

A

Urogenital triangle, anal triangle

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20
Q

What does the urogenital triangle include?

A

Urethral opening, external genitalia

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21
Q

What does the anal triangle include?

A

Anal canal and fat

22
Q

What are the 2 key functions of the male reproductive system?

A

To produce spermatozoa and to transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract via coitus

23
Q

What is the male gonad?

A

The testes

24
Q

What are the 5 regions that spermatozoa travel along after production?

A

Testes (seminiferous tubules), epididymis, ductus deferens, ejacualtory duct, urethra

25
Q

What are the components contained within the scrotum?

A

2 testes, 2 epididymides, 2 spermatic cords (with part of ductus deferens)

26
Q

What are the 3 products made by the testes?

A

Spermatozoa, testosterone, inhibin

27
Q

What is the name for the dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testes?

A

The tunica albuginea

28
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules contained within?

A

Lobules of the testes

29
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules join to form?

A

The rete testis

30
Q

What do the rete testes lead to?

A

The efferent ductules

31
Q

Where do the efferent ductules lead to?

A

The epididymis of the testes

32
Q

Where does spermatogenesis take place?

A

The seminiferous tubules in the testes

33
Q

What cells within the seminiferous tubules produce testosterone?

A

Interstitial endocrine cells

34
Q

What is produced by the interstitial endocrine cells of the testes?

A

Testosterone

35
Q

Where is inhibin procured in the seminiferous tubules?

A

Nurse cells

36
Q

What is the role of nurse cells in the testes?

A

Produce inhibin, aid in the support and development of sperm.

37
Q

What cells within the seminiferous tubules produce spermatogonia and spermatozoa?

A

Spermatogenic cells - stem cells

38
Q

What are spermatogonia?

A

Cells in the testes that are progenitor stem cells of spermatozoa

39
Q

What are the 3 regions of epididymis?

A

head, body, tail

40
Q

Where do the sperm enter the epididymis from?

A

From the seminiferous tubules via the rete testis and efferent ductules.

41
Q

Where do spermatozoa exit the epididymis?

A

Via the ductus deferens

42
Q

What is the site of spermatozoa maturation?

A

The epididymis

43
Q

What is the alternative name for the ductus deferens?

A

vas deferens

44
Q

Where does the ductus deferens start?

A

The spermatic cord

45
Q

What is the ductus deferens a continuation of?

A

The epididymis

46
Q

What covers the ductus deferens to help with movement along the tract?

A

Smooth muscle

47
Q

What does the ductus deferens run behind?

A

The urinary bladder

48
Q

What does the ductus deferens dilate to form?

A

The ampulla

49
Q

What 2 structures come together to form the ejaculatory ducts?

A

The seminal vesicle and the ampulla

50
Q

Where does the ejacualtory duct open?

A

The prostatic urethra

51
Q

What is the function of the internal urinary sphincters in terms of ejacualtion?

A

Closes the bladder ensuring that sperm are ejaculated through the urethra and do not enter the bladder

52
Q

What is retrograde ejaculation?

A

When the internal urinary sphincter does not close so sperm ends up in the bladder

HUBS192 2022 (38 decks)

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