lecture 30 - ureters, bladder and urethra Flashcards
What is transitional epithelium?
Stratified rounded cells arranged randomly that stretch when flattened
What is the function of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?
Protection - prevents leaking of urine into underlying tissues by ensuring epithelium cells remain together when stretched
Where do the ureters arise?
From each renal pelvis at the hilum
What do the ureters transport?
Urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Do the ureters descend retroperitoneally or intraperitoneally from the hila?
Retroperitoneally
What aids in moving urine from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters?
Peristaltic waves
What are the 3 layers of the ureter?
Transitional epithelium, muscularis, adventitia
What are the 2 layers of the muscularis in the ureter?
Inner longitudinal and outer circular
What is the outermost layer of the ureter?
Adventitia - outer covering of fibrous connective tissue
What is found on the inner surface of the ureter?
Folded protective inner protein plaques
How do the ureters enter the bladder?
Run obliquely through the bladder wall at its posterolateral corners
How is backflow from the bladder to the ureter prevented?
The ureter acts as a sphincter/valve and is compressed by increase bladder pressure to prevent back flow
What is the urinary bladder?
A collapsible muscular sac that stores and expels urine
What feature of the bladder helps it to collapse when empty?
Rugae - temporary folds
What is the trigone of the bladder?
Triangular region between 2 openings of the entry of the ureters and 1 opening for the urethra at the bottom