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HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Site of exchange between blood and tissues

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2
Q

What are the functional demands of capillaries?

A

Thin walls, large cross-sectional area, slow and smooth blood flow

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3
Q

What is the speed of blood flow of capillaries in comparison to arteriole’s?

A

Slow

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4
Q

What is the basic structure of a capillary?

A

A tube formed by simple squamous epithelia, surrounded by a basement membrane of extracellular matrix

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5
Q

What feature controls the flow into capillary beds?

A

Precapillary sphincters

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6
Q

What are the precapillary sphincters composed of?

A

Smooth muscle cells

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7
Q

What is the function of the precapillary sphincters

A

To control the flow of blood from the Terminal arteriol to the capillary bed

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8
Q

What vessels supply the capillary beds?

A

Terminal arterioles

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9
Q

What feature of a capillary bed directs blood straight through the thoroughfare channel?

A

Vascular shunts

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10
Q

What is the function of vascular shunts?

A

They direct blood through a large thoroughfare channel, rather than into all the different parts of the capillary bed.

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11
Q

What are the capillary structures?

A

Continuous, Fenestrated, sinusoidal

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12
Q

What are continuous capillaries?

A

The most widespread, tightest capillary of 8-10 μm, allows one red blood cell to pass at a time

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13
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

thin layers of specialised extracellular matrix that form a supporting structure around the capillary

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14
Q

What are fenestrated capillaries?

A

A slightly leaky capillary of 8-10 μm, allows one red blood cell to pass at a time and contains small fenestration in which water-soluble molecules can pass. Basement membrane complete

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15
Q

What are sinusoidal capillaries

A

A leaky capillary of 30-40 μm, allows multiple red blood cells to pass at a time and contains larger fenestration in which water-soluble molecules can pass. Basement membrane incomplete

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16
Q

What are the forms of transport for continuous capillaries?

A

Diffusion through membrane (Lipid-soluble), movement through intracellular clefts (water-soluble) and transport via vesicles (larger molecules)

17
Q

What are the forms of transport for fenestrated and sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Diffusion through membrane (Lipid-soluble), movement through intracellular clefts (water-soluble), movement through fenestrations (water-soluble) and transport via vesicles (larger molecules)

18
Q

What is the lymph vascular system?

A

An open-entry drainage system

19
Q

What are the functions of the lymph vascular system?

A

Drains excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins from tissues and returns them to the blood. Filters foreign material, ‘screens’ lymph for foreign antigen and responds by releasing antibodies and activated immune cells, absorbs fat from intestine and transports to blood in GI tract

20
Q

What are lacteals?

A

A special group of lymphatic vessels from small intestine

21
Q

What are cisterna chyil

A

The vessels that lacteals drain fat-laden lymph into

22
Q

What is a feature of the lymphatic system due to the low-pressure nature of the system?

A

Larger collecting vessels have numerous valves to prevent backflow

23
Q

What is a cellular feature for easy drainage in the lymph vascular system?

A

Simple squamous epithelial cells are loosely packed

24
Q

What features of a transverse histological section of tissue would distinguish between veins, arteries and lymph channels?

A

Arteries: Very thick walls, low CSA
Veins: Very thin walls, high CSA
Lymph channel: irregularly shaped thinner walls

25
Q

What are the groups of regional lymph nodes?

A

Cervical, axillary, Inguinal

26
Q

Where are the cervical lymph nodes?

A

Neck

27
Q

Where are the axillary lymph nodes?

A

Arm pits

28
Q

Where are the inguinal lymph nodes?

A

Groin

29
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

The right subclavian vein

30
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

A

The left subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

31
Q

What is the process of fat absorption in the small intestine vili (Cardio vascular system)?

A

Lacteals (lymphatic vessels) absorb fats and then send them to the portal veins which take nutrient-rich blood to the liver

32
Q

What vessels drain the lymph nodes?

A

Efferent lymphatic vessels

33
Q

Where are immune cells held in a lymph node?

A

They hang onto a matrix of fibres, surveying the lymph fluid

34
Q

How does cancer often spread from the breasts into others parts of the body?

A

Via the breast tissue lymphatic drainage system that carries cancer cells into the blood vascular system, facilitating metastasis

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

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