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HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the body cavities?

A

Thoracic cavity and Abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What is the lining of the thoracic cavity?

A

Pericardium and 2x pleura

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3
Q

What is the lining of the abdominal cavity?

A

Peritoneum

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4
Q

What are the two layers of the pleura?

A

Visceral pleura and parietal pleura

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5
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Area within the thoracic cavity which contains the heart, vessels and pericardium

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6
Q

What are the pleural cavities?

A

Area of the thoracic cavity which contains the lungs

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7
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

A

Sternum

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8
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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9
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the thoracic cavity?

A

Ribs

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10
Q

What is the superior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

A

Base of the neck

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11
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity?

A

diaphragm

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12
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

The space between the parietal and visceral pleura which is filled with pleural fluid

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13
Q

Why are there two plural cavities, one for each lung?

A

So if one stops functioning the other can continue

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14
Q

What is boyle’s law?

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume

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15
Q

How is pressure measured?

A

The frequency of the collisions of particles against the contains walls

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16
Q

Where will air flow?

A

To a lower pressure space

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17
Q

When the lungs increase in volume where will air flow?

A

It flows in

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18
Q

When the lungs decrease in volume where will air flow?

A

It flows out

19
Q

What type of cartilage joins the sternum to the ribs?

A

Costal cartilage (hyaline)

20
Q

What are the three sternum to rib joints?

A

Sternocostal, costochondral, interchondral

21
Q

What is the sternocostal joint?

A

A synovial joint (except first - cartilaginous) that connects the sternum to cartilage

22
Q

What is the costochondral joint?

A

Cartilaginous joints between the ribs and cartilage

23
Q

What is the interchondral joint?

A

A synovial joint that joins cartilage to cartilage

24
Q

What are the two rib to vertebrae joints?

A

Costotransverse and costovertebral

25
Q

What is the costotransverse joint?

A

A synovial joint articulating between the rib and transverse process of the vertebrae

26
Q

What is the costovertebral joint?

A

A synovial joint articulating between the ribs and body of vertebrae

27
Q

What are the primary muscles of respiration?

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

28
Q

What are the accessory muscles

A

Extra muscles involved in respiration that are only active when you need them

29
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A sheet of skeletal muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen. It is dome-shaped when relaxed and flattens when contracted to expand the thoracic cavity and compress abdomen

30
Q

What are the intercostal muscles?

A

Skeletal muscle which attaches diagonally between ribs. External and internal intercostals

31
Q

What is the function of the external intercostals?

A

To lift the ribcage and expand the cavity. Inspiration - quiet and forced

32
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostals?

A

To depress the ribcage and decrease the cavity. Expiration - forced only

33
Q

What are the accessory muscles?

A

Several muscles that attach to the thoracic cage. Some increase cavity volume for forced inspiration and other decrease the cavity volume for forced expiration

34
Q

What happens during normal quiet inspiration?

A

The diaphragm contracts and flattens. External intercostals contract to lift ribs

35
Q

What happens during active forced inspiration?

A

The diaphragm contracts and flattens. External intercostals contract to lift ribs. Plus accessory muscles contract to further expand cavity

36
Q

What happens during normal quiet expiration?

A

Is a passive process. Diaphragm relaxes to return to dome shape. External intercostals relax and ribs fall

37
Q

What happens during active forced expiration?

A

Diaphragm relaxes to return to dome shape. External intercostals relax and ribs fall. Internal intercostals contract to depress ribs and accessory muscles contract to further decrease cavity volume

38
Q

What are the lungs made from?

A

Elastic tissue

39
Q

What is the function of the pleura in terms of the expansion of the lungs?

A

It makes the lungs stuck to the thoracic wall, making them expand and recoil while breathing

40
Q

What are the three layers of pleura?

A

Parietal, visceral and fluid space

41
Q

Where does the visceral pleura lie?

A

On the lungs

42
Q

Where does the parietal pleura lie?

A

On the thoracic wall

43
Q

What is between the parietal and visceral pleura?

A

The pleural fluid that reduces friction from movement and causes the lungs to stick to the thoracic wall

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

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