Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 35 > Flashcards

Lecture 35 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the accessory structures of the male reproductive system?

A

The penis and scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

To house testes away from the body to maintain temperature at 34 Celsius which is optimal for spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two muscles of the scrotum?

A

The dartos and cremaster muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the dartos muscle?

A

Lines inside of the the scrotum, deep to the skin, superficial to the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

A

To contract for heat conservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many spermatic cords are there?

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the spermatic cord run?

A

Between the abdomen and testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain?

A

Ductus deferen, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the venous plexus?

A

Testicular veins that create web-like structure to increase surface area for temperature regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the penis?

A

A cylindrical organ with the root, body and glands that are covered by prepuse/foreskin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of the penis?

A

Urination and copulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many erectile tissues does the penis contian?

A

Three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three erectile tissues within the penis?

A

The two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the corpora cavernosa tissues?

A

The primary erectile tissues at the dorsal aspect of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

The ventral aspect of the penis, containing the urethra and forming the bulb and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What carried spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract?

A

Seminal fluid, containing spermatozoa called semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is seminal fluid produced by?

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and the bulbourethral grands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A

Two glads posterior to the bladder and lateral to the ampulla that produce a viscous secretion that makes up about 60% of semen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the fluid from the seminal vesicles?

A

It is alkaline to protect sperm against the acidic environment of the urethra and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

A gland that lies inferior to the bladder and wraps around the prostatic urethra. It produces about 30% of semen that is slightly acidic and milky that contributes to sperm activation, viability and motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the fluid from the prostate glands contain?

A

Prostate-specific antigen

22
Q

What are the bulbourethral glands?

A

Two glands located in the urogenital diaphragm that open into the spongy/penile urethra. They contribute about 5% of semen volume.

23
Q

What is the function of the fluid from the bulbourethral glands?

A

To lubricate and neutralise the acidity in the urethra prior to ejaculation

24
Q

What makes up the last 5% of semen?

A

Spermatozoa

25
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

A surgical method of sterilisation in males that cuts the ductus deferens

26
Q

What is gametogenesis?

A

The formation of gametes

27
Q

What is gametogenesis called in males?

A

Spermatogenesis

28
Q

What is gametogenesis called in females?

A

Oogenesis

29
Q

What controls gametogenesis?

A

Hormones

30
Q

How does gametogenesis occur?

A

Via mitosis and meiosis

31
Q

What must the cells be to undergo gametogenesis?

A

Haploid

32
Q

How many chromosomes does a cell originally have?

A

46

33
Q

What produces gametes?

A

Two cycles of cell division, meiosis 1 and 2

34
Q

What is meiosis 1?

A

Where 2 haploid cells are produced from one diploid cell

35
Q

What is meiosis 2?

A

Each cell produced from meiosis 1 divided to produce 2 haploid cells with 23 chromosomes

36
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

The process by which spermatogonia are transformed to mature spermatozoa

37
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

In the seminiferous tubules

38
Q

When does spermatogenesis occur?

A

From puberty onwards

39
Q

What is spermatogenesis 1?

A

The process by which spermatogonia divide by mitosis into 2 daughter cells (diploid). One spermatogonium (type A) stays at the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule

40
Q

What is spermatogenesis 2?

A

The second spermatogonia (type B) differentiates into a primary spermatocyte (diploid) which undergoes meiosis 1 and forms two secondary spermatocytes (haploid)

41
Q

What is spermatogenesis 3?

A

The two secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 2 to form spermatids (haploid) which differentiate into spermatozoa with a head, body and tail via spermiogenesis. These are released into the lumen

42
Q

What are the reproductive hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

43
Q

What are the reproductive hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which are both gonadotropin hormones

44
Q

What are gonadotropin hormones?

A

Hormones that act of the gonads

45
Q

What are the extra hormones in males?

A

Inhibin from nurse cells and testosterone from interstitial endocrine cells

46
Q

What is testoserone?

A

A type of androgen, a group of steroid hormones responsible for male characteristics like maturation of sex organs, spermatogenesis, secondary sex characteristics and libido (sex drive)

47
Q

What are synthetic androgens?

A

Steroids - used for therapeutic purposes

48
Q

What does LH stimulate?

A

Testosterone prduction

49
Q

What does FSH and testosterone control?

A

Spermatogenesis

50
Q

What does FSH stimulate?

A

Production of inhibin

51
Q

What is the negative feedback loop?

A

Increased inhibin suppresses FSH and increased testosterone suppresses LH and GnRH

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions