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HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 34 > Flashcards

Lecture 34 Flashcards

1
Q

What are gonads?

A

Organs where gametes are produces

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2
Q

What are the male gametes and where are they produced?

A

The spermatozoa and in the testes

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3
Q

What are the female gametes and where are they produced?

A

The oocytes and in the ovarys

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4
Q

What do genitalia allow for and why?

A

Coitus so gametes can fuse to form an embryo

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5
Q

What is the process of gamete fusion to form an embryo called?

A

Fertilisation

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6
Q

What is the pelvis?

A

A bony basin between the trunk and lower limbs. Consists of the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx

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7
Q

What are the two openings of the pelvis?

A

The pelvic inlet which is always open and pelvic outlet which is closed by muscles

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8
Q

Which pelvic opening is bigger?

A

The pelvic inlet

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9
Q

What are the two pelvic subdivisions?

A

False/greater pelvis and the true/lesser pelvis

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10
Q

What is the false/greater pelvis?

A

The superior region of the pelvis, containing the inlet and parts of the GI tract

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11
Q

What is the true/lesser pelvis?

A

The inferior region of the pelvis, between the inlet and outlet containing the internal reproductive organs

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12
Q

What is the structure of the female pelvis?

A

Broad subpubic angle with an oval inlet and straight coccyx

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13
Q

What is the structure of the male pelvis?

A

Narrow subpubic angle with a heart-shaped inlet and curved coccyx

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14
Q

Why is there a difference between the female and male pelvis?

A

Childbirth

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15
Q

What is the pelvic floor?

A

The closing over the pelvic outlet containing the urogenital triangle and anal triangle

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16
Q

What are the two muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani and coccygeus

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17
Q

What are the openings on the pelvic floor?

A

Urethra, anal canal and vagina in females

18
Q

What is the male perineum?

A

The region inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper region of the highs, contains the two triangles

19
Q

What is the urogenital triangle?

A

The anterior triangle containing the urethral opening and external genitalia

20
Q

What is the anal triangle?

A

The posterior triangle containing the anal canal and fat

21
Q

What is the function of the male reproductive system?

A

To produce and transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract

22
Q

What is the male reproductive system made up of?

A

The testes, reproductive tract, accessory structures and glands

23
Q

What is the male reproductive tract?

A

The path where sperm travel along; from the testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra

24
Q

What does the scrotum consist of?

A

To testes, two epididymides, and two spermatic cords

25
Q

What are the testes?

A

The sacks that lie within the scrotum, outside of the body and produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin

26
Q

What are the testes surrounded by?

A

A dense fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea

27
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

Lobules within the testing of which the tubules join to form the rete testis and the rest to form the efferent ductules leading to the epididymis

28
Q

What are the cells within the seminiferous tubules?

A

Interstitial endocrine cells, nurse cells and spermatogenic cells

29
Q

What do interstitial endocrine cells produce?

A

Testosterone

30
Q

What do nurse cells produce?

A

Inhibin

31
Q

What do spermatogenic cells produce?

A

Spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development

32
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

The site of sperm maturation, where sperm enters from the seminiferous tubules and exits via the ductus deferens. Consists of the head, body and tail

33
Q

What is the ductus deferens?

A

A continuous cord from the epididymis that starts in the spermatic cord and runs posterior to the urinary bladder. It dilates to form the ampulla

34
Q

What is the ductus deferens covered in?

A

Smooth muscle

35
Q

What are the ejaculatory ducts?

A

Ducts formed by the union of the ducts from the seminal vesicles and ampulla and opens in the prostatic urethra

36
Q

What are the two functions of the male urethra?

A

Urination and ejaculation

37
Q

What are the epithelial changes along the male urethra?

A

From transitional to stratified squamose epithelium

38
Q

What are the three sections of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra and penile/spongy urethra

39
Q

What are the two urinary sphincters?

A

External of skeletal muscle and under voluntary control and internal of detrusor muscle and under involuntary control

40
Q

What is the extra function of the internal urinary sphincter in males?

A

To close and prevent retrograde ejaculation (when sperm enters the bladder)

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

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