Lecture 34 Flashcards
What are gonads?
Organs where gametes are produces
What are the male gametes and where are they produced?
The spermatozoa and in the testes
What are the female gametes and where are they produced?
The oocytes and in the ovarys
What do genitalia allow for and why?
Coitus so gametes can fuse to form an embryo
What is the process of gamete fusion to form an embryo called?
Fertilisation
What is the pelvis?
A bony basin between the trunk and lower limbs. Consists of the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx
What are the two openings of the pelvis?
The pelvic inlet which is always open and pelvic outlet which is closed by muscles
Which pelvic opening is bigger?
The pelvic inlet
What are the two pelvic subdivisions?
False/greater pelvis and the true/lesser pelvis
What is the false/greater pelvis?
The superior region of the pelvis, containing the inlet and parts of the GI tract
What is the true/lesser pelvis?
The inferior region of the pelvis, between the inlet and outlet containing the internal reproductive organs
What is the structure of the female pelvis?
Broad subpubic angle with an oval inlet and straight coccyx
What is the structure of the male pelvis?
Narrow subpubic angle with a heart-shaped inlet and curved coccyx
Why is there a difference between the female and male pelvis?
Childbirth
What is the pelvic floor?
The closing over the pelvic outlet containing the urogenital triangle and anal triangle
What are the two muscles of the pelvic floor?
Levator ani and coccygeus
What are the openings on the pelvic floor?
Urethra, anal canal and vagina in females
What is the male perineum?
The region inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper region of the highs, contains the two triangles
What is the urogenital triangle?
The anterior triangle containing the urethral opening and external genitalia
What is the anal triangle?
The posterior triangle containing the anal canal and fat
What is the function of the male reproductive system?
To produce and transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract
What is the male reproductive system made up of?
The testes, reproductive tract, accessory structures and glands
What is the male reproductive tract?
The path where sperm travel along; from the testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra
What does the scrotum consist of?
To testes, two epididymides, and two spermatic cords
What are the testes?
The sacks that lie within the scrotum, outside of the body and produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin
What are the testes surrounded by?
A dense fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea
What are the seminiferous tubules?
Lobules within the testing of which the tubules join to form the rete testis and the rest to form the efferent ductules leading to the epididymis
What are the cells within the seminiferous tubules?
Interstitial endocrine cells, nurse cells and spermatogenic cells
What do interstitial endocrine cells produce?
Testosterone
What do nurse cells produce?
Inhibin
What do spermatogenic cells produce?
Spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development
What is the epididymis?
The site of sperm maturation, where sperm enters from the seminiferous tubules and exits via the ductus deferens. Consists of the head, body and tail
What is the ductus deferens?
A continuous cord from the epididymis that starts in the spermatic cord and runs posterior to the urinary bladder. It dilates to form the ampulla
What is the ductus deferens covered in?
Smooth muscle
What are the ejaculatory ducts?
Ducts formed by the union of the ducts from the seminal vesicles and ampulla and opens in the prostatic urethra
What are the two functions of the male urethra?
Urination and ejaculation
What are the epithelial changes along the male urethra?
From transitional to stratified squamose epithelium
What are the three sections of the male urethra?
Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra and penile/spongy urethra
What are the two urinary sphincters?
External of skeletal muscle and under voluntary control and internal of detrusor muscle and under involuntary control
What is the extra function of the internal urinary sphincter in males?
To close and prevent retrograde ejaculation (when sperm enters the bladder)
