Lecture 17 Flashcards
What is boyles law?
Pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume
What is pressure measured from?
The frequency of particle collisions with the container wall
In what direction of pressure will a gas move?
From high pressure to low pressure
When is the pressure inside the lungs in equilibrium with the pressure outside the body?
Right before taking a breath
How does the inhalation cause a pressure gradient?
Volume is increased as the diaphragm drops and the rib cage expands. Pressure inside the lungs decreases and air flows in
How does exhalation cause a pressure gradient?
Volume is decreased as the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage falls. Pressure inside the lungs increases and air flows out.
What are the two opposing forces that we must overcome to take a breath?
Stiffness of the lungs and resistance of the airways
How does the stiffness of the lungs create an opposing force?
Lungs are designed to have high compliance (V/P) to expand however the alveolar fluid exert surface tension to be overcome
What disease causes low compliance of the lungs?
Pulmonary fibrosis
How does pulmonary fibrosis decrease lung compliance?
The alveolar membranes thicken and healthy cells are replaced with scar tissue. This can be caused from chronic inflammation or exposure to industrial chemicals
How is the effect of the alveolar surface tension enhanced?
The thin walls of the alveoli
How do the alveoli disrupt the surface tension?
By producing a surfactant allowing alveoli to expand
What happens when there is a failure to produce adequate surfactant?
difficulty in expanding the lungs and reduced oxygen intake
Why do premature infants sometimes get respiratory distress syndrome?
The alveoli don’t produce surfactant till 28 weeks
What is bronchoconstriction?
The decrease in diameter of the bronchioles
What is bronchodialation?
The increase in diameter of the bronchioles
How does bronchoconstriction/dilation occur?
The thick smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to change airway path
What is a restrictive issue with breathing?
The ability to expand the lungs, reduced lung compliance resulting in reduced lung capacity.
What is an obstructive issue with breathing?
The resistance to airflow through the bronchioles
What is spirometry?
A measure of the volume of air inspired and exhaled and how fast this can happen
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air moved in and out during normal quiet breath
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The extra volume that can be inspired with maximal inhalation
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The extra volume that can be exhaled with maximal effort
What is residual volume?
The volume remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation
What is minimal volume?
The volume remaining in the lungs if they collapse
What is vital capacity?
The volume of air you can shift in and out of your lungs
What is total lung capacity?
The total volume in the lungs when you’ve fulled them to the max
What is inspiratory capacity?
The total volume of air you can inspire from rest
What is functional residual capacity?
The volume remaining in the lungs after normal exhalation
