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HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

Anatomy of the skin - II

1
Q

What are the accessory structures?

A

Hair, Sweat glands, Nails, Receptors

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2
Q

Where is hair found?

A

All over the body except on thick skin (palms, soles of feet and lips)

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3
Q

What is hair?

A

Dead, keratinised cells

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4
Q

Where does hair originate from?

A

Inside the hair follicle

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5
Q

What is the muscle responsible for goosebumps?

A

Arrector pili muscle

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6
Q

What does the arrector pili muscle do?

A

Contracts to form goosebumps which creates an airlock and improves insulation

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7
Q

What is the root hair plexus?

A

The collection of sensory nerves at the base of each hair follicle which heightens sensation

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8
Q

What is a sebaceous gland?

A

A gland within the hair follicle that produces sebum

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9
Q

What does sebum do?

A

Nourishes hair shaft and naturally moisturises the skin. Is an oil and therefore has water repealing properties

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10
Q

What is acne?

A

A blocked hair follicle with an infection from over production of sebum

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11
Q

What is lanolin?

A

Sheep sebum

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12
Q

What are the two types of sweat gland?

A

Eccrine and Apocrine

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13
Q

What is an eccrine sweat gland?

A

Found all over the body and produces a watery secretion. They are important for thermoregulation and excretion as well as limited antibacterial properties

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14
Q

What is an apocrine sweat gland?

A

Found in specific areas (armpit, groin, nipples) and produce an oily and sometimes odours secretion into the base of the hair follicle. These can be influenced by hormones

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15
Q

What are the accessory structure receptors in the skin?

A

Tactile, lamellar, bulbous

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16
Q

What is the purpose of nails?

A

To protect the fingers and toes, enhance sensation and limit the deformation of sensory receptors to stop damage occurring to the areas while activating a receptor

17
Q

What is aging?

A

The thinning of the epidermis and dermis resulting in reduced collagen, slower skin repair, less sebum and sweat as well as less pigmentation

18
Q

How does smoking cause premature aging?

A

The tobacco contains agents that damage the collagen and elastin in the skin. This is linked to poor wound healing, acne, skin and oral cancers

19
Q

How does vaping cause premature aging?

A

The nicotine reduces blood circulation in the dermis

20
Q

What is contact dermatitis caused by?

A

The metal coating on vapes which causes inflammation of the skin around the mouth

21
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

The cell in which melanin is produced. They are fixed within the stratum basale

22
Q

What are melanosomes?

A

The vesicles that carries the melanin to the epidermal cells

23
Q

What is melanin?

A

A pigment that absorbs UV light and protects the cells from UV damage

24
Q

What is a freckle?

A

The over-production of melanosomes by melanocytes triggered by sun exposure

25
Q

What is a mole?

A

A cluster of melanocytes of which the over-proliferation can be cause by sun exposure

26
Q

Why is vitamin D essential?

A

For normal calcium metabolism and strong bones

27
Q

What can vitamin D deficiencies cause?

A

Rickets

28
Q

What are rickets?

A

The deformation of growing bones in children from the softening and weakening of bones due to lack of calcium from a prolonged vitamin D deficiency

29
Q

How is vitamin D synthesised?

A

UV exposure on the skin

30
Q

What are the two types of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma

31
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A

A common but relatively benign form of skin cancer that originates in the stratum basale of the epidermis. Metastasis throughout the body is rare.

32
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

A rare and deadly form of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes. It is highly metastatic, depending on the depth of the mole

33
Q

What is a tattoo?

A

An artificial pigmentation deposited within the dermal layer of the skin that is captured but not broken down by immune cells and scar tissue

34
Q

What is a ‘lena’?

A

The tattoo pigmentation being present within the lymph nodes which appears the same as melanoma

35
Q

What are the different types of tattoo?

A

Trauma, decorative, cosmetic and cultural

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

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