Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A

Conduct clean, warm and moist air in close proximity with the circulatory system’s blood for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the respiratory system need to be efficient?

A

A surface for gas exchange, a path for air to flow to reach the gas exchange surface in optimal condition, the ability to draw breath in and out and production of sound and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main components of the respiratory system?

A

Upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, thoracic cavity, joins and respiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the conducting zone?

A

From the nose to the bronchioles. Functions is to ensure air is warm, clean and moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the respiratory zone?

A

From the bronchioles to alveoli. Function is gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the oral cavity?

A

A passage for air and food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the general change in composition of epithelia as you move down the respiratory tract?

A

Becomes increasingly flattened. E.g. columnar -> squamose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the components of a mucosa tract?

A

Epithelium is attached via a basement membrane to a connective tissue lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does the epithelium change along the respiratory tract?

A

To reflect function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the conducting region composed of?

A

Respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the oral cavity composed of?

A

Stratified squamose epithelia to create a barrier protecting against abrasions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the respiratory zone composed of?

A

Simple squamose epithelia for efficient gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the olfaction zone composed of?

A

Olfactory mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a gland?

A

A group of mucus-secreting cells that combine. Can be found in the mucosal layer or submucosa layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the submucosal layer?

A

Connective tissue that may contain glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does pseudostratified mean?

A

All cells are directly attached to the basement membrane giving simple epithelia however the allusion of stratified epithelia is created

19
Q

What are the basal cells of the respiratory epithelium?

A

The regenerative stem cells which divide and replenish the above layers

20
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

Mucus producing cell which traps debris and moistens the air

21
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

They beat in tandem, moving mucus which may contain debris towards the pharynx to be swallowed and broken down by the stomach acid

22
Q

What are the components of the URT?

A

Nose and nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx

23
Q

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Resonating chambers for speech

24
Q

How does olfaction occur?

A

Through sensory receptors for smell

25
Q

What is the composition of the nose?

A

Soft and flexible cartilage, external nares, 2x nasal bones, vestibule lined with skin

26
Q

What is the function of the nasal cartilage?

A

To maintain a patent airway

27
Q

What is within the vestibule?

A

Sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles, vibrissae to filter inhaled air

28
Q

What is the nasal septum

A

The midline separating the left side from the right side of the nose. Anterior is cartilage and posterior is bone

29
Q

The internal nares open into the…?

A

Nasopharynx

30
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

Hard and soft palates

31
Q

What are the conchae?

A

Three projections (superior, middle, inferior) which are covered in respiratory epithelium and swirl inspired air to make particles stick to the mucosa and allowing more time for warming and humidifying the air. Plus olfaction

32
Q

Where are the conchae?

A

On the lateral walls

33
Q

What is nasal epithelium composed of?

A

Mostly respiratory epithelium but also a specialised area on the roof of the nasal cavity, above the superior conchae with olfactory epithelium which contains olfactory nerve fibres, receptor cells, support cells and olfactory dendrites.

34
Q

What is nasal mucosa?

A

Epithelium which sits on lamina propria with thin walled vascular plexus that help warm incoming air. When air temp drops, plexus dilates and more heat is transferred. Where nose bleeds generally originate.

35
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Cavities within the bones surrounding the nose which are lined with respiratory mucosa and drain into the pharynx

36
Q

Where are the paranasal sinuses found?

A

Within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones

37
Q

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

To lighten the skull and increase the surface area to clean, warm and moisten the air. Also involved in sound resonance

38
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

The throat

39
Q

The pharynx is a…?

A

Muscular funnel-shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive epithelium

40
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

The nasopharynx, the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx

41
Q

What is the nasopharynx?

A

An air passage only! Posterior to the nasal cavity from the nares to the soft palate. Auditory tubes drain here from the middle ear to maintain pressure and the pharyngeal tonsils are on the posterior wall

42
Q

What is the function of the soft palate and uvula?

A

To block the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

43
Q

What is the oropharynx?

A

An air and food passageway with stratified squamous epithelium to protect against abrasions. Posterior to the nasal cavity from the soft palate to the hyoid bone. Contains the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

44
Q

What is the laryngopharynx?

A

An air and food passageway with stratified squamose epithelium. From the hyoid bone to the opening of the larynx/beginning of the oesophagus. Ends at the level where respiratory and digestive tracts diverge

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions