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HUBS192 2024 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three general functions of blood?

A

Transport, Immune response, coagulation

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2
Q

What are the general functions of blood - transport?

A

Deliver O2, water and nutrients; Remove CO2 and waste; carry ions associated with pH and homeostasis; Heat; Hormones; deliver Immune cells and coagulation factors

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3
Q

What are the general functions of blood - immune?

A

Fight infection and production of the immune response largely via white blood cells

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4
Q

What are the general functions of blood - coagulation?

A

For preventing bleeding via platelets and ‘coagulation factors’ in plasma

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5
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A

55% Plasma and 45% Formed elements

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6
Q

What is the relationship between blood volume and body mass?

A

Generally proportional

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7
Q

What is plasma?

A

Liquid component of blood

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8
Q

What is plasma composed of?

A

Water, plasma proteins and other solutes

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9
Q

What are the formed elements?

A

Cells and cell fragments

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10
Q

What are the three types of formed elements?

A

Platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells

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11
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cell fragments

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12
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

The fraction of blood occupied by red blood cells

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13
Q

Where is hematopoiesis initiated?

A

In the red bone marrow which contains hemocytoblasts

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14
Q

What are hemocytoblasts?

A

The blood stem cells that are progenitors for all blood cells

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15
Q

What is the shape of the red blood cell?

A

Biconcave disc shape

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16
Q

What is the function of the shape of the red blood cell?

A

To have a large surface area : volume ratio, allow for efficient diffusion of gases and be flexible for movement through narrow capillaries

17
Q

What is the make up of the red blood cell?

A

1/3 of weight is hemoglobin which used iron as part of the haem to bind O2. 4x haem so 4x O2 binding sites

18
Q

What is hematocrit / PCV

A

The fraction of blood occupied by the red blood cells

19
Q

What does PCV stand for?

A

Packed cell volume

20
Q

What does anemic mean?

A

Low levels of RBC in blood

21
Q

What does polycythemic mean?

A

High levels of RBC in blood

22
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

The generation of red blood cells

23
Q

What is erythropoietin (EPO)?

A

The chemical released within the system to stimulate more RBCs

24
Q

What does erythropoiesis require?

A

Iron to make haemoglobin

25
Q

What is erythropoiesis augmented by?

A

Testosterone

26
Q

Why does altitude have an effect on erythropoiesis?

A

There is less O2 available in the air

27
Q

What are the short-term effects of high altitudes with erythropoiesis?

A

Increased heart and breathing rate

28
Q

What are the long-term effects of high altitudes with erythropoiesis?

A

Kidneys release more EPO to stimulate the production of more RBCs -> increased hematocrit!

HUBS192 2024 (38 decks)

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