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HUBS192 > Lecture 5 anatomy of heart > Flashcards

Lecture 5 anatomy of heart Flashcards

1
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

incl function, right, left

A

Prevent blood returning to atria during ventricular
contraction.

tricuspid valve (3 leaflets)

bicuspid (mitral) valve (2 leaflets)

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2
Q 
Semilunar valves
(incl function, 2 types & cusps, Open & Close)
A

Prevent blood returning to the ventricle during filling (diastole).

Aortic (semilunar) valve (3 cusps)

Pulmonary (semilunar) valve (3 cusps)

Push open as blood flows out of heart.

close as blood starts to backflow.

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3
Q

Diastole -

valves open/closed

A

filling the ventricle.
AV opens,
ventricular chamber relaxed,
semilunar (outflow) valve are closed (caused by backflow towards ventricles).

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4
Q

Systole -

valves open/closed

A 
Ventricles contract, 
AV close (to prevent back flow), pressure rises, semilunar valves opens (caused when pressure inside ventricular chamber exceeds pressure in outflow artery)
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5
Q

in systole what are the structures that keep the AV valve leaflet shut?

A

Papillary muscles (finger like projections of the myocardium that come of the wall point towards the valve leaflet)

Chordae tendinae (Attachment between papillary muscle and AV valve leaflet. heartstrings)

  • Strong connective tissue can’t tear it.
  • If pulled tear chordae tendernae from the papillary muscle.
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6
Q

2 arteries that supply the heart muscle

A

Right coronary artery - (groove from anterior to posterior)

Left coronary artery

First branches of the aorta / systemic circulation

Both arteries run in a groove between the atria and the ventricle (coronary groove)

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7
Q

Left coronary artery -

incl what does 2 branches it forms

A

thicker,
more blood supply,
more muscle,
runs short distance (left main stem), and
branches to form 2 branches an anterior branch (anterior interventricular artery) and the circumflex artery

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8
Q

anterior interventricular (coronary) artery -

A

runs over the interventricular system. Separates the 2 ventricular chambers.

branch forms from Left coronary artery

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9
Q

circumflex artery -

A

Runs in the left coronary groove around to the posterior of the heart.

branch forms from Left coronary artery

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10
Q

Venous drainage (cardiac vein) types

A

small cardiac vein (drains right side)

great cardiac vein (drains left side)

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11
Q

where do the cardiac veins end up?

A

in the same tubular structure (posterior of heart) called the coronary sinus

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12
Q

Cardiac muscle function

A

Beating of heart

- oxygen dependent metabolism

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13
Q

Cardiac Muscle Structure

made of, texture, structure, #nuclei, where nuclei is, where organelles are, how cells are connected

A

Isolated individual myocyte

Striated (like skeletal)

Short, fat, branched cell

1 - 2 nuclei / cell (like smooth)

Central (oval shaped) nuclei

Cytoplasmic organelles packed at poles of nuclei

Interconnected with
neighbouring cells via intercalated discs

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14
Q

Cardiomyocyte (sarcomeres)

how much volume of the cell does mitochondria make up?

A

20% of cytoplasm
Irregular branched sarcomeres (not like skeletal)

mitochondrial dependent metabolism

Aerobic oxygen dependent metabolism

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15
Q

Intercalated discs found where and consists of 3 junctions

A

only in Cardiac muscle

Adhesion belts (linking actin to actin) ~Vertical portion.
- Physical propagation of contraction, generates alot of force that may pull the cells apart.

Desmosomes (linking cytokeratin with cytokeratin). (keep myocytes from pulling apart)

Gap junction (electrochemical communication) ~ Horizontal portion. Electrochemical propagation of contraction.

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16
Q

Cytokeratin -

A

cells internal cytoskeleton

17
Q

Conduction System of the Heart

A

modified cardiac muscle

increase the efficiency of heart pumping.

responsible for the co-ordination of heart contraction and of AV valve
action.

Autonomic nerves alter the rate of conduction
impulse generation.

18
Q

How do you prevent the AV valves from slamming when pressure increases?

A

Conduction system

The 1st part of the ventricular chamber contract are the capillary muscles which are attached to the chordae tendinae so pretension the cables attached to the AV leaflets.

19
Q

Conduction pathways consists of

A 
AV node
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Internodal pathways
AV bundle
R&L bundle branches
Purkinje fibres
20
Q

Sinoatrial SA node -

A

superior right atrium, bundle of tissue, spontaneously generates electrical impulses

21
Q

Internodal pathways -

A

atrial pathways, spreads excitation from SA node through atrial chambers muscle

22
Q

Atrioventricular AV node

A

gateway

only way for conduction to pass through the ventricle and into the ventricular chamber

23
Q

R&L bundle branches

A

AV bundles split into 2

24
Q

Purkinje fibres -

A

electrical impulse from SA node terminates,

Fuse into the cardiac muscle when conduction passes down the pathway, finds a contractile muscle and contracts

25
Q

Purkinje cells consists of

fibres, nucleus, organelles, junctions, % of cardiac cells, metabolism

A

(some) Peripheral myofibrils. (no longer contract, redundant)

Central nucleus,

mitochondria, glycogen in cytoplasm (conduction energy dependent)

lots of gap junctions (dominates intercalated discs)

some desmosomes & few adhesion belts.

1% of cardiac cells

Oxygen dependent metabolism

26
Q

semilunar

A

Separates ventricle from outflow artery

27
Q

AV

A

separates atrium from ventricle

28
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

Prevent blood returning to atria during ventricular contraction

29
Q

right side AV valve

A

Tricuspid valve

30
Q

left side AV valve

A

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

31
Q

semilunar vallves

A

prevent blood from returning to the ventricle during filling (diastole)

32
Q

right side semilunar valve (# of cusps)

A

Pulmonary valve

3 cusps

33
Q

left side semilunar valve

of cusps

A

Aortic valve

3 cusps

34
Q

Papillary muscles

A

finger like projections of myocardium that tether the AV valve leaflet (from flinging back to the atria chamber) and attach to wall of ventricular chamber.

attachment between chordae tendineae and ventricle wall

35
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

tenderness chord
Attachment between papillary muscle and AV valve leaflet.
Heart strings
Connective tissue can’t tear it
If pulled tear chordae tendineae frrom papillary muscle.

36
Q

2 arteries that supply heart muscle

A

right coronary artery (groove from ant to post)

left coronary artery

37
Q

left coronary artery

incl size, blood supply, muscle, distance, branches

A 
Thicker
more blood supply
more muscle
runs short distance (left main stem)
form 2 branches anterior bran (anterior interventricular artery) and circumflex artery)
38
Q

Anterior interventricular (coronary) artery

A

separates the 2 ventricular chambers

runs over the interventricular system.

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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