Lecture 13 Composition and general function

Question 1

3 general functions of blood

Answer 1

Transport
Immune response
Coagulation

Question 2

Blood Transport

Answer 2

O2, water, nutrients (cell metabolism)

CO2, waste products
Ions (Ca2+) to maintain pH and homeostasis

Heat (burn ATP through oxidative metabolism, makes energy, Raises core temp)

Hormones - coordinate the activities of organs of the body

Immune cells and coagulation factors

Question 3

Immune

Answer 3

For fighting infection and production of the immune response.

Recognise threats, attack, engulf, digest to get them out

Via phagocytes, antibodies, and other WBCs

Question 4

Coagulation

Answer 4

Prevent bleeding

Via platelets and coagulation factors in plasma

Clot to seal injury and won’t continue to lose blood and invite dangerous particles into body

Question 5

Composition of blood

Answer 5

Plasma (solution the cells sit within)

Formed elements (cells in blood)

Question 6

70 kg Person has

Answer 6

5.5 liters of blood

60 - 80 ml per kg body mass

Question 7

Blood volume is typically in proportion to

Answer 7

lean body mass

Question 8

Person heavier due to muscular tissue means

Answer 8

More blood in system

Question 9

Person heavier due to adipose tissue means

Answer 9

Less blood in system

Question 10

Plasma 55% composed of

Answer 10

Plasma proteins 7%
Other solutes 1%
Water 92%

Question 11

Water 92% is a

Answer 11

Main component of plasma

Capable of dissolving proteins and ions

Hold a lot of heat (and release heat)

Question 12

Formed elements composed of

Answer 12

RBC 99.9%
WBC (<0.1%)
Platelets (<0.1%)

Question 13

RBC 99.9%

Answer 13

Most common cell in blood

Highly specialised for transporting oxygen

Question 14

WBC (<0.1%)

Answer 14

Immune cells

Immune and response and defense mechanisms
Seek and destroy invading pathogens

Recognise threats engulf digest eliminate from system

Question 15

Platelets (<0.1%)

Answer 15

Cell fragments that participate in clotting to stop bleeding

Question 16

Hematopoiesis

Answer 16

formation of blood cells

Question 17

Hemocytoblasts

what it is, where, how

Answer 17

progenitors for all blood cells

In red bone marrow

Become any type of blood cell

Question 18

When Hemocytoblasts stimulated

Answer 18

Divide into different paths to make all the different types of blood cells

Question 19

In the process of hematopoiesis always start with

Answer 19

hemocytoblasts

Question 20

Erythropoietin is a process that stimulates

Answer 20

RBC

Question 21

Erythropoietin

Answer 21

Substance that helps to move hemocytoblasts down the pathway to make RBC

Question 22

RBC (erythrocytes)

shape, surface area, movement, nucleus, from what cells

Answer 22

Highly specialized

Biconcave Disc shape

large surface area:volume ratio (allows for efficient diffusion of gases O and CO2)

flexibility for movement through narrow capillaries

No nucleus, don’t need to divide,

From progenitor cells

Question 23

RBC (erythrocytes) contain

Answer 23

Large amounts of haemoglobin
⅓ weight of RBC

4 heme units where each has iron (binds 4 oxygen)

Iron binds oxygen

Question 24

PCV

Answer 24

packed cell volume

hematocrit

Question 25

Centrifuge (spin quickly) | what it does, components order - bottom, middle, top

Answer 25

Blood separate into it main components by how much they weigh RBC weighs most (at bottom) WBC and platelets (small layer - middle. Buffy coat) Plasma (at top)

Question 26

Hematocrit

Answer 26

Percentage (fraction) of blood that is RBC by volume Fraction of blood occupied by RBC

Question 27

More hematocrit means

Answer 27

More RBC More oxygen capacity to move oxygen around system

Question 28

Do Men have higher Hematocrit than women? | why, stats

Answer 28

Yes RBC triggered by testosterone More testosterone more RBC Men - 0.40 - 0.54 Women - 0.37 - 0.47

Question 29

Hematocrit varies

Answer 29

Normal Anemic Polycythemic

Question 30

Normal

Answer 30

35% - 55%

Question 31

Anemic | hematocrit, oxygen capacity, iron

Answer 31

Low hematocrit, Can’t make RBC Low oxygen capacity to move oxygen around system Iron deficient (low iron)

Question 32

Polycythemic | hematocrit, oxygen capacity, plasma, blood, pressure, blood movement, problems

Answer 32

High hematocrit (lots RBC) High oxygen capacity Less plasma Blood thicker Increase blood pressure Have problems moving blood through capillaries, small vessels Life threatening problems

Question 33

Erythropoiesis

Answer 33

Generation of RBC All blood cells derived from common progenitor cell

Question 34

Erythropoietin

Answer 34

Stimulates production of RBC Requires iron to make hemoglobin

Question 35

Why do athletes train at high altitude? (oxygen, what stimulate prosuction of EPO, EPO absorbed by, makes more, hematocrit, oxygen carrying capacity, performance)

Answer 35

Less oxygen Kidneys stimulate the production of more EPO EPO is absorbed by bone marrow and sends signal to make more RBC Higher hematocrit More RBC produced Have higher oxygen carrying capacity Perform better

Question 36

Make more RBC | why and how

Answer 36

Increase oxygen carrying capacity Perform better Produce more erythropoietin (augmented by testosterone)

Question 37

Where is EPO made?

Answer 37

in kidneys (sensors for amount of oxygen capacity that you have)

Question 38

What happens if less oxygen is in system?

Answer 38

Kidneys sends signal by producing more erythropoietin to red bone marrow cells to generate more RBC

Question 39

what happens if oxygen is high in system?

Answer 39

Kidneys reduce production of erythropoietin | Reduces RBC

Question 40

Drug doping athletes | what, how, why

Answer 40

EPO and testosterone Take small amounts of tesosterone to stimulate the production of more RBC Take EPO which sends signal to red bone marrow to make more RBC and push hematocrit higher Increase oxygen capacity Increase performance