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HUBS192 > Lecture 13 Composition and general function > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Composition and general function Flashcards

1
Q

3 general functions of blood

A

Transport
Immune response
Coagulation

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2
Q

Blood Transport

A

O2, water, nutrients (cell metabolism)

CO2, waste products
Ions (Ca2+) to maintain pH and homeostasis

Heat (burn ATP through oxidative metabolism, makes energy, Raises core temp)

Hormones - coordinate the activities of organs of the body

Immune cells and coagulation factors

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3
Q

Immune

A

For fighting infection and production of the immune response.

Recognise threats, attack, engulf, digest to get them out

Via phagocytes, antibodies, and other WBCs

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4
Q

Coagulation

A

Prevent bleeding

Via platelets and coagulation factors in plasma

Clot to seal injury and won’t continue to lose blood and invite dangerous particles into body

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5
Q

Composition of blood

A

Plasma (solution the cells sit within)

Formed elements (cells in blood)

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6
Q

70 kg Person has

A

5.5 liters of blood

60 - 80 ml per kg body mass

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7
Q

Blood volume is typically in proportion to

A

lean body mass

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8
Q

Person heavier due to muscular tissue means

A

More blood in system

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9
Q

Person heavier due to adipose tissue means

A

Less blood in system

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10
Q

Plasma 55% composed of

A

Plasma proteins 7%
Other solutes 1%
Water 92%

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11
Q

Water 92% is a

A

Main component of plasma

Capable of dissolving proteins and ions

Hold a lot of heat (and release heat)

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12
Q

Formed elements composed of

A

RBC 99.9%
WBC (<0.1%)
Platelets (<0.1%)

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13
Q

RBC 99.9%

A

Most common cell in blood

Highly specialised for transporting oxygen

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14
Q

WBC (<0.1%)

A

Immune cells

Immune and response and defense mechanisms
Seek and destroy invading pathogens

Recognise threats engulf digest eliminate from system

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15
Q

Platelets (<0.1%)

A

Cell fragments that participate in clotting to stop bleeding

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16
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells

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17
Q

Hemocytoblasts

what it is, where, how

A

progenitors for all blood cells

In red bone marrow

Become any type of blood cell

18
Q

When Hemocytoblasts stimulated

A

Divide into different paths to make all the different types of blood cells

19
Q

In the process of hematopoiesis always start with

A

hemocytoblasts

20
Q

Erythropoietin is a process that stimulates

A

RBC

21
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Substance that helps to move hemocytoblasts down the pathway to make RBC

22
Q

RBC (erythrocytes)

shape, surface area, movement, nucleus, from what cells

A

Highly specialized

Biconcave Disc shape

large surface area:volume ratio (allows for efficient diffusion of gases O and CO2)

flexibility for movement through narrow capillaries

No nucleus, don’t need to divide,

From progenitor cells

23
Q

RBC (erythrocytes) contain

A

Large amounts of haemoglobin
⅓ weight of RBC

4 heme units where each has iron (binds 4 oxygen)

Iron binds oxygen

24
Q

PCV

A

packed cell volume

hematocrit

25
Q

Centrifuge (spin quickly)

what it does, components order - bottom, middle, top

A

Blood separate into it main components by how much they weigh

RBC weighs most (at bottom)
WBC and platelets (small layer - middle. Buffy coat)
Plasma (at top)

26
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage (fraction) of blood that is RBC by volume

Fraction of blood occupied by RBC

27
Q

More hematocrit means

A

More RBC

More oxygen capacity to move oxygen around system

28
Q

Do Men have higher Hematocrit than women?

why, stats

A

Yes
RBC triggered by testosterone
More testosterone more RBC

Men - 0.40 - 0.54
Women - 0.37 - 0.47

29
Q

Hematocrit varies

A

Normal
Anemic
Polycythemic

30
Q

Normal

A

35% - 55%

31
Q

Anemic

hematocrit, oxygen capacity, iron

A

Low hematocrit, Can’t make RBC

Low oxygen capacity to move oxygen around system

Iron deficient (low iron)

32
Q

Polycythemic

hematocrit, oxygen capacity, plasma, blood, pressure, blood movement, problems

A

High hematocrit (lots RBC)

High oxygen capacity

Less plasma

Blood thicker

Increase blood pressure

Have problems moving blood through capillaries, small vessels

Life threatening problems

33
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Generation of RBC

All blood cells derived from common progenitor cell

34
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Stimulates production of RBC

Requires iron to make hemoglobin

35
Q

Why do athletes train at high altitude?
(oxygen, what stimulate prosuction of EPO, EPO absorbed by, makes more, hematocrit, oxygen carrying capacity, performance)

A

Less oxygen

Kidneys stimulate the production of more EPO

EPO is absorbed by bone marrow and sends signal to make more RBC

Higher hematocrit

More RBC produced

Have higher oxygen carrying capacity

Perform better

36
Q

Make more RBC

why and how

A

Increase oxygen carrying capacity

Perform better

Produce more erythropoietin (augmented by testosterone)

37
Q

Where is EPO made?

A

in kidneys (sensors for amount of oxygen capacity that you have)

38
Q

What happens if less oxygen is in system?

A

Kidneys sends signal by producing more erythropoietin to red bone marrow cells to generate more RBC

39
Q

what happens if oxygen is high in system?

A

Kidneys reduce production of erythropoietin

Reduces RBC

40
Q

Drug doping athletes

what, how, why

A

EPO and testosterone

Take small amounts of tesosterone to stimulate the production of more RBC

Take EPO which sends signal to red bone marrow to make more RBC and push hematocrit higher

Increase oxygen capacity

Increase performance

HUBS192 (36 decks)

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